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Explanation: but that is very vague - could be i.e. or something similar. A friend of mine uses this word a lot, I think it is a habit, but I don't think he uses it 'correctly'
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 57 mins (2012-10-16 19:40:36 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Is it used? Absolutely - I use it quite regularly. In fact when I look through the article Hannah posted, it is the phrase that I would use in several instances if I were to translate it. But it can be used in many different contexts.
I was familiar with the term, it is just that it is, quite unashamedly, implying 'that which is extended to something else', or as the Webster so beautifully puts it: The phrase by extension is used to say that what follows comes from or is connected with something that has already been mentioned". Subjectively, I do not like it, although it is a great tool. But the correct rendering of the potaž....i.e. po-táhnout......i.e. an archaic adverb, of course shines through here perfectly in this situation, but it is not the only solution, we all agree. Co se týče sic, to přeci není české slovo, http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic
čo to v češtine presne znamená sic? Často som sa s tým stretol v knihách, kde bol nejaký text a za tým (sic!) a ďalší text. Kontextuálne to vyznievalo ako "no, teda, to sú mi ale veci", ale nie som si istý.
Maybe I understand you. First time, I saw the phrase, it sounded very unnatural, unfriendly to me. As if it were in sharp discrepancy with the English I know. If the phrase had not been mentioned by a native speaker, I would have thrown it away without hesitation. But I verified the phrase from grammatical point of view and checked it on net and found it necessary to change my initial opinion.
It isn't stilted at all. I'm not sure where you got that notion from. 'Unemployment has a regional dimension ... and prevents convergence (of these regions) to the average level in a given state and, by extension, to the level in a national unit such as the EU' (just a quick translation - the Slovak doesn't make a lot of sense)
Vladimir, citam pozrne a dnes budem citat este pozornejsie, ozaj bolo velmi neskoro po polnoci. Ktory vyraz je najvhodnejsi, (by extension/sl.j. ) vo vete : " nezamestnanost ma regionalny rozmer ...a znemoznuje konvergenciu (tychto krajov) k priemeru danej zeme a potazmo k narodnemu celku akym je EU".
Hannah, dakujem a suhlasim s vasim prispevkom ( strikes me as being a bit stilted...)
It's perfectly fine to use and is in fact probably used in more formal and literary contexts. You wouldn't really use it in informal conversation, but there is nothing stopping you from doing so. In fact I'm going to try and use it today :)
Hannah Geiger (X)
United States
08:21 Oct 17, 2012
the fault must be within me. I just find it a bit...sorry...phony, artificial, stilted, for everyday use, an academic crutch obviously rendering a reader semi-literate. But I do respect the strength of your argument
Pozrite si definiciu "by extension": taking the same line of argument further: the study shows how television and, by extension, the media, alter political relationships
Nehľadiac na úsilie o všeobecné nahradenie výrazu poťažmo iným bežný výrazom (dovolím si poznamenať, že úsilie vcelku rozpačité a neisté), presne tento význam IMO výraz poťažmo má vo vete, ktorú skúmame. Rozvíja predchádzajúci predmet a naväzuje na neho. Toho by sme sa imo mali pri preklade držať.
Hannah Geiger (X)
United States
07:52 Oct 17, 2012
Since Maria has been asking me, not once but twice, to supply a translation and since I have provided a reference, I can only quote from it. "Ale spíše se zdá, že pokud bychom mohli slovo potažmo nahradit nějakým jiným, běžným výrazem českého jazyka, šlo by o výrazy typu a tím i, a tedy i, popřípadě a tedy vlastně i a podobně." With all due respect, the 'by extension' strikes me as being a bit stilted, actually, quite stilted, like a little "therefore" who got itself a fancy coat.
Pozor - 'extension', nikoli 'extention'. 'vy mu otvirate nejen dvere, ale i srdce, potazmo kapsy...': 'You not only open the door for him, but also your heart, which means, by extension, also your pockets' - což je možné, ale možná bych to formuloval jinak. The gentleman concerned may consider suing you for libel; you and, by extension, the accountable editor, will lose the case' - toto je jasné.
Ad vase vety: Posledna veta je jasna, tam je to ...he loved, by extension, Mr. Vrtacek as well.<i/>, v prvych dvoch vetach ma potazmo, aspon tak to citim, skor vyznam respektive a treba to prislusne prelozit.
Treba citat poriadne, Gerry uz v diskusii napisal, kam by sa malo "by extension" umiestnit v skumanej vete. A inac je to otazka, kam umiestnit prislovkove urcenie. Nuz, vseobecne pred slovo, na ktore sa vztahuje, ale zalezi od kontextu. Ked si to "by extension" overite na nete, casto sa dava aj na zaciatok vety. Mimochodom, potazmo (kuzelne to slovicko) tu skor ma vyznam navazne na to, co uz bolo povedane, co je aj presne vyznam slova by extension. Jednoducho je to od Gerryho dobra praca, toto sa fakt podarilo:-)
vo vete kt. uviedol Pavel ...." a znemoznuji konvergenci techto kraju k prumeru dane zeme a potazmo ( vlastne/by extention ?) k narodnimu celku ..." napasujete vyraz " ... by extention "... kt. navrhol Gerry + 2 x suhlas ? ak potažmo > syn. vlastně " a uz aj vzhladom na to co uviedla Hannah. - " dotycny pan vas muze za to zalovat pro urazku na cti, a vy to prohrajete, potazmo prohraje to odpovedny redaktor.." (K.Capek 1937) " vy mu otvirate nejen dvere, ale i srdce, potazmo kapsy... " (Nar. politika 1940) "... miloval svou pani, a ponevadz tato milovala pana Vrtacka, miloval potazmo i tohoto ..."
I would definitely use 'by extension' in your example: "... and, by extension, a transnational body such as the European Union." I can't think what else could possibly be used here. 'indirectly, secondarily, taking/viewing it from broader perspective' - all by extension mean 'by extension' - nebuď z toho paf :)
...indirectly, secondarily, taking/viewing it from broader perspective - tak nějak to cítím, ale proč rodilý mluvčí nabízí "by extension"?? z toho su paf
ze u to potazmo mas vyznam respektive. Ale v preklade by som skor pracoval s vyrazmi ako indirectly, secondarily, taking/viewing it from broader perspective a podobne. Ono ten text je dost stylisticky narocny (ani neviem ci vam zavidet alebo lutovat:-) ), takze nejako to tam zakomponovat urcite dokazete.
konkrétní kontext: Nezaměstnanost má regionální rozměr – soudobé globální problémy doléhají s větší intenzitou na kraje strukturálně postižené a hospodářsky slabé a znemožňují konvergenci těchto krajů k průměru dané země a potažmo k nadnárodnímu celku, jakým je Evropská unie.
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Answers
13 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +3
1. at the same time, thus 2. or
Explanation: A spousta dalších možností vždy dle kontextu...
Lenka Mandryszová Czech Republic Native speaker of: Czech PRO pts in category: 16