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English to Malay: Biotechnology / Biomedical General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English All Invisalign aligner/retainer materials are made of medical grade, high molecular weight, thermoplastic polymers. These materials were selected for use in Invisalign aligners and retainers based on their properties and safety classification, and have a long history of FDA approvals for long-term use inside the human body. Tests conducted to determine the biocompatibility of these materials show they are biocompatible and pass applicable regulatory requirements and thresholds for human wear in the mouth
Translation - Malay Semua aligner/retainer Invisalign diperbuat dengan bahan dari gred perubatan, berat molekul tinggi, polimer termoplastik. Bahan-bahan ini dipilih untuk digunakan dalam aligner dan retainer Invisalign berdasarkan sifat dan klasifikasi keselamatannya, dan memiliki sejarah panjang kelulusan FDA untuk penggunaan jangka panjang di dalam tubuh manusia. Ujian yang telah dilakukan untuk menentukan kebioserasian bahan-bahan ini menunjukkan bahawa bahan-bahan tersebut bioserasi dan memenuhi syarat dan ambang kawal selia yang sesuai untuk pemakaian manusia di dalam mulut.
English to Malay: Apraclonidine Ophthalmic Solution General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English Apraclonidine Ophthalmic Solution
DESCRIPTION: Apraclonidine Ophthalmic Solution contains Apraclonidine hydrochloride, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, in a sterile isotonic solution for topical application to the eye.
Apraclonidine hydrochloride is a white to off-white powder and is highly soluble in water. Its chemical name is 2-[(4-amino-2,6 dichlorophenyl) imino]imidazolidine monohydrochloride with an empirical formula of C9H11Cl3N4 and a molecular weight of 281.57
Each mL of Apraclonidine Ophthalmic Solution contains: Active: Apraclonidine hydrochloride 5.75 mg equivalent to Apraclonidine base 5 mg; Preservative: benzalkonium chloride 0.01%. Inactives: sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid (pH 4.4-7.8) and purified water.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: All patients enrolled into this trial had advanced glaucoma and were undergoing maximally tolerated medical therapy, i.e., patients were using combinations of a topical beta-blocker, sympathomimetics, parasympathomimetics and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Patients were considered to be treatment failures in this study if, in the opinion of the investigators, their IOP was uncontrolled by the masked study medication or there was evidence of further optic nerve damage or visual field loss, and surgery was indicated.
Of 171 patients receiving masked medication, 84 were treated with Apraclonidine Ophthalmic Solution and 87 were treated with placebo (Apraclonidine vehicle).
Translation - Malay Larutan Oftalmik Apraklodina
PENERANGAN: Larutan Oftalmik Apraklodina mengandungi Apraklonidina hidroklorida, sejenis agonis alfa-adrenergik, di dalam larutan isotonik yang steril untuk aplikasi topikal pada mata.
Apraklonidina hidroklorida adalah serbuk putih hingga putih kekelabuan dan ia sangat larut dalam air. Nama kimianya ialah 2 - [(4-amino-2,6 diklorofenil) imino] imidazolidina monohidroklorida dengan formula empirik C9H11Cl3N4 dan berat molekul 281.57
Setiap mL Larutan Oftalmik Apraklonidina mengandungi: Bahan aktif: Apraklonidina hidroklorida 5.75 mg bersamaan dengan bahan asas Apraklonidina 5 mg; Bahan pengawet: benzalkonium klorida 0.01%. Bahan tidak aktif: natrium klorida, natrium asetat, natrium hidroksida dan / atau asid hidroklorik (pH 4.4-7.8) dan air tulen.
FARMAKOLOGI KLINIKAL: Semua pesakit yang menyertai percubaan ini mengalami glaukoma lanjutan dan telah menjalani terapi perubatan yang maksimum, seperti contoh, pesakit menggunakan kombinasi penyekat beta topikal, simpatomimetik, parasimpatomimetik dan perencat karbonik antihidrase oral.
Rawatan pada pesakit dianggap sebagai gagal dalam kajian ini jika pesakit, menurut pendapat penyelidik-penyelidik, IOP pesakit tidak dapat dikawal oleh ubat-ubatan dalam kajian bertopeng atau ada bukti kerosakan saraf optik atau kehilangan medan penglihatan, dan pembedahan adalah diperlukan.
Dari 171 pesakit yang menerima ubat bertopeng, 84 dirawat dengan Larutan Oftalmik Apraklonidina dan 87 dirawat dengan plasebo (sarana Apraklonidina).
English to Malay: Xenobiotic General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English The body is exposed to a wide variety of foreign compounds, called xenobiotics. Exposure to some such compounds is unintentional (e.g., environmental or food substances), while others are deliberately used as drugs. The following discussion of drug biotransformation is applicable to all xenobiotics and to some endogenous compounds (e.g., steroids) as well.
The kidneys are capable of eliminating drugs which are low in molecular weight, or which are polar and fully ionized at physiologic pH. Most drugs do not fit these criteria, but rather are fairly large, unionized or partially ionized, lipophilic molecules. The general goal of drug metabolism is to transform such compounds into more polar (i.e., more readily excretable) water-soluble products. For example, were it not for biotransformation to more water-soluble products, thiopental, a short-acting, lipophilic anesthetic, would have a half-life of more than 100 years! Imagine, without biotransformation reactions, anesthesiologists might grow old waiting for patients to wake up.
Most products of drug metabolism are less active than the parent compound. In some cases, however, metabolites may be responsible for toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic effects. For example, overdoses of acetaminophen owe their hepatotoxicity to a minor metabolite which reacts with liver proteins. In some cases, with metabolism of so-called prodrugs, metabolites are actually the active therapeutic compounds. The best example of a prodrug is cyclophosphamide, an inert compound which is metabolized by the liver into a highly active anticancer drug.
Translation - Malay Tubuh terdedah kepada pelbagai sebatian asing, yang dikenali sebagai xenobiotik. Pendedahan kepada sebatian sebegini adalah secara tidak langsung (misalnya, persekitaran atau makanan), sementara yang lain adalah secara langsung melalui ubat. Perbincangan berikut adalah mengenai biotransformasi ubat yang juga berlaku pada semua xenobiotik dan sebilangan sebatian endogenus juga (seperti steroid).
Ginjal mampu menyingkirkan ubat yang mempunyai berat molekul rendah, atau yang polar dan terion sepenuhnya pada pH fisiologi. Sebilangan besar ubat tidak memenuhi kriteria ini, kerana mempunyai molekul lipofilik yang cukup besar, tidak terion atau separuh terion. Tujuan umum metabolisme ubat adalah untuk mengubah sebatian tersebut menjadi produk larut air yang lebih polar (iaitu lebih mudah dikumuhkan). Sebagai contoh, sekiranyan tiada biotransformasi untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak produk larut air, thiopental, sejenis anestetik lipofilik yang bertindak sekejap, akan mempunyai jangka hayat lebih dari 100 tahun! Bayangkan, tanpa tindakbalas biotransformasi, pakar anestesiologi mungkin sudah tua kerana menunggu pesakit untuk sedar.
Sebilangan besar produk metabolisme ubat adalah kurang aktif daripada sebatian induk. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam beberapa kes, metabolit menyebabkan kesan toksik, mutagenik, teratogenik atau karsinogenik. Sebagai contoh, dos berlebihan asetaminofen menyebabkan hepatotoksisiti kerana metabolit minor yang bertindak balas dengan protein hati. Dalam beberapa kes, metabolisme prodrug, menghasilkan metabolit yang sebenarnya adalah sebatian terapi yang aktif. Contoh terbaik dari prodrug adalah siklofosfamid, sebatian lengai yang dimetabolisme oleh hati menjadi ubat antikanser yang sangat aktif.
Malay to English: COMPONENT TAU BLOOD TRANSFER AGREEMENT FORM General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - Malay Tarikh:
Nama Pesakit:
Umur:
No. Kad Pengenalan:
Jantina:
Pengamal Perubatan Yang Merawat: Dr
No. Kad Pengenalan:
Saya, seperti nama tersebut di atas/ ibu bapa/
suami/ isteri /saudara kepada pesakit seperti
nama di atas*, telah dimaklumkan bahawa
pesakit memerlukan pemindahan darah.
Pengamal perubatan yang merawat telah
memberi penjelasan kepada saya tentang risiko
dan kebaikan pemindahan darah dan saya
berpuas hati dengan semua jawapan yang
diberikan kepada soalan-soalan yang saya
kemukakan. Saya faham dan sedar, meskipun
darah atau komponen darah itu telah menjalani
ujian saringan untuk HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
dan sifilis, namun risiko jangkitan menerusi
pemindahan darah masih boleh berlaku. Saya
juga faham dan sedar bahawa komplikasi
pemindahan darah yang lain yang tidak dapat
dielakkan juga mungkin berlaku.
Attending Clinical Practitioner: Dr
No. Identification Card:
I, as the name above / parents /
husband / wife / relatives to such patient
the above name*, has been informed that
the patient needs a blood transfusion.
The attending medical practitioner has
gave me an explanation of the risk
and the benefits of blood transfusions and I am
satisfied with all the answers that
given to the questions I
submit. I understand and realize, though
the blood or component of the blood has undergone
screening tests for HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
and syphilis, but the risk of infection through
blood transfusions can still occur. I
also understand and realize that other complications
of blood transfusions that cannot
be avoided may also occur.
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Translation education
Other - Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books
Experience
Years of experience: 10. Registered at ProZ.com: Jan 2019.
Adobe Acrobat, memoQ, MemSource Cloud, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Office Pro, Microsoft Word, OmegaT, Powerpoint, Smartcat, Subtitle Edit, Subtitle Editor, Trados Studio
Translator with demonstrated experience in the translation and localization industry. Competent with CAT tools including Memsource and SDL Trados. Have a background in biology and basic medical science. Professional in media and communication with a Certificate of General Translation from the Institute of Translation and Books Malaysia.
Keywords: Malay, medical science, biology, biotechnology
Expertise 
