Slovenian and English translator in numerous fields

Working languages:

English to Slovenian
Slovenian to English
Slovenian (monolingual)

Miha Helbl
Translation of Scientific Publishing

United Kingdom

Local time: 12:24 BST (GMT+1)

Native in: Slovenian

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Photography/Imaging (& Graphic Arts)	Medical: Health Care
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Sample translations submitted: 8

English to Slovenian: Wii Remote Hacks General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers: Hardware
Source text - English 00:04 So, as researchers, something that we often do is use immense resources to achieve certain capabilities, or achieve certain goals. And this is essential to the progress of science, or exploration of what is possible. But it creates this unfortunate situation where a tiny, tiny fraction of the world can actually participate in this exploration or can benefit from that technology. Something that motivates me, and gets me really excited about my research, is when I see simple opportunities to drastically change that distribution and make the technology accessible to a much wider percentage of the population. 00:36 I'm going to show you two videos that have gotten a lot of attention that I think embody this philosophy. And they actually use the Nintendo Wii Remote. For those of you who aren't familiar with this device, it's a $40 video game controller. And it's mostly advertised for its motion-sensing capabilities: so you can swing a tennis racket, or hit a baseball bat. But what actually interests me a lot more is the fact that in the tip of each controller is a relatively high-performing infrared camera. And I'm going to show you two demos of why this is useful. 01:07 So here, I have my computer set up with the projector, and I have a Wii Remote sitting on top of it. And, for example, if you're in a school that doesn't have a lot money, probably a lot of schools, or if you're in an office environment, and you want an interactive whiteboard, normally these cost about two to three thousand dollars. So I'm going to show you how to create one with a Wii Remote. Now, this requires another piece of hardware, which is this infrared pen. You can probably make this yourself for about five dollars with a quick trip to the Radio Shack. It's got a battery, a button and an infrared LED -- you guys can't see it -- but it turns on whenever I push the button. Now, what this means is that if I run this piece of software, the camera sees the infrared dot, and I can register the location of the camera pixels to the projector pixels. And now this is like an interactive whiteboard surface. 02:01 (Applause) 02:03 So for about $50 of hardware, you can have your own whiteboard. This is Adobe Photoshop. 02:09 (Applause) 02:15 Thank you. 02:16 (Laughter) 02:17 The software for this I've actually put on my website and have let people download it for free. In the three months this project has been public, it's been downloaded over half a million times. So teachers and students all around the world are already using this. 02:30 (Applause) 02:36 Although it does do it for 50 dollars, there are some limitations of this approach. You get about 80 percent of the way there, for one percent of the cost. Another nice thing is that a camera can see multiple dots, so this is actually a multi-touch, interactive whiteboard system as well. 02:50 (Applause) 02:52 For the second demo, I have this Wii Remote that's actually next to the TV. So it's pointing away from the display, rather than pointing at the display. And why this is interesting is that if you put on, say, a pair of safety glasses, that have two infrared dots in them, they are going to give the computer an approximation of your head location. And why this is interesting is I have this sort of application running on the computer monitor, which has a 3D room, with some targets floating in it. And you can see that it looks like a 3D room. kind of like a video game, it sort of looks 3D, but for the most part, the image looks pretty flat, and bound to the surface of the screen. But if we turn on head tracking -- the computer can change the image that's on the screen and make it respond to the head movements. So let's switch back to that. 03:42 (Laughter) 03:45 (Applause) 03:56 So this has actually been a little bit startling to the game-development community. 04:01 (Laughter) 04:02 Because this is about 10 dollars of additional hardware if you already have a Nintendo Wii. So I'm looking forward to seeing some games, and actually Louis Castle, that's him down there, last week announced that Electronic Arts, one of the largest game publishers, is releasing a game in May that has a little Easter egg feature for supporting this type of head tracking. And that's from less than five months from a prototype in my lab to a major commercial product. 04:26 (Applause) 04:32 Thank you. 04:33 (Applause) 04:35 But actually, to me, what's almost more interesting than either of these two projects is how people actually found out about them. YouTube has really changed the way, or changed the speed, in which a single individual can actually spread an idea around the world. I'm doing some research in my lab with a video camera, and within the first week, a million people had seen this work, and literally within days, engineers, teachers and students from around the world were already posting their own YouTube videos of them using my system or derivatives of this work. So I hope to see more of that in the future, and hope online video distribution to be embraced by the research community. 05:11 So thank you very much. 05:12 (Applause)	Translation - Slovenian 00:03 Raziskovalci pogosto porabimo veliko sredstev, da bi dosegli določeno zmogljivost ali določene cilje. To je bistvenega pomena za napredek znanosti in raziskovanje novih potencialov. Toda hkrati pa ustvari to nerodno situacijo, kjer se lahko le zelo majhen del sveta udeleži teh raziskav ali koristi te tehnologije. Pri moji raziskavi me še posebej spodbudi in navduši, ko odkrijem enostavne priložnosti, ki lahko spremenijo širjenje in dostop do tehnologij na veliko večji delež svetovnega prebivalstva. 00:35 Pokazal vam bom dva posnetka, ki sta v zadnjem času zelo popularna in po mojem mnenju poosebljata to idejo. Pri tem bomo uporabili Nintendov krmilnik Wii Remote. Za tiste, ki s to napravo niste seznanjeni, to je igralni plošček, ki stane 40 dolarjev. Njegova posebnost je zmožnost zaznavanja gibov. Tako lahko v igri zamahnete tenis lopar ali palico za baseball. Meni pa je veliko bolj zanimivo to, da je v konici vsakega igralnega ploščka vgrajena relativno visokozmogljiva infrardeča kamera. Z dvema predstavitvama vam bom pokazal, zakaj je to uporabno. 01:05 Tukaj imam svoj računalnik priklopljen na projektor in na projektorju leži krmilnik Wii Remote. Če ste na primer v šoli z nizkim proračunom, katerih je najbrž veliko, ali pa ste v pisarni in bi želeli imeti interaktivno tablo, potem te ponavadi stanejo okrog 2.000 do 3.000 dolarjev. Zato vam bom pokazal, kako si jo lahko izdelate sami s pomočjo krmilnika Wii Remote. Poleg tega boste potrebovali tudi flomaster z infrardečo diodo v konici. Za ceno 5 dolarjev ga lahko sestavite sami doma s hitrim obiskom v bližnjo računalniško trgovino. Sestavljen je iz baterije, gumba in infrardeče diode, ki se vključi, vi tega ne vidite, ampak vključi se, ko pritisnete na gumb. To pomeni, da lahko kamera z zagonom tega programa zazna infrardečo diodo in uskladi položaj točk kamere s točkami projektorja in postane interaktivna tabla. (Aplavz) Tako lahko imate za 50 dolarjev lastno interaktivno tablo. To je Adobe Photoshop. (Aplavz) Hvala. (Smeh) 02:16 Ta program je naložen na moji spletni strani in si ga lahko naložite brezplačno. Po treh mesecih od objave projekta v javnost je bilo opravljenih več kot pol milijona prenosov. Torej program že uporabljajo učitelji in učenci po celem svetu. (Aplavz) Rad bi samo dodal, da čeprav je zmožen vsega tega za le 50 dolarjev, je uporaba vseeno nekoliko omejena. Toda za le en odstotek cene lahko imate 80 odstotni izkoristek. Dobro je tudi, da lahko kamera zazna več točk in je s tem omogočen tudi večdotični sistem. (Aplavz) 02:51 Za drugo predstavitev sem krmilnik Wii Remote namestil poleg televizije. Namesto, da bi ga usmeril proti zaslonu, je v bistvu obrnjen stran. To je zanimivo zato, ker lahko s parom očal, na katerih sta pritrjeni dve infrardeči diodi, računalniku pošljete približek lokacije svoje glave. To pa je zanimivo zato, ker imam na računalniškem zaslonu zagnano aplikacijo, ki simulira tridimenzionalen prostor z lebdečimi predmeti. In kot lahko vidite, je podobno 3-D prostoru, kot v računalniški igri, nekako deluje tridimenzionalno. Toda slika predvsem deluje ploščata in pritrjena na površino zaslona. Toda, če vključimo sledenje glave, lahko računalnik spremeni sliko na zaslonu in jo prilagodi gibom glave. Zato zdaj vključimo to. (Smeh) (Aplavz) 03:55 Razvijalci iger so se tega v bistvu precej ustrašili. (Smeh) Saj vse to predstavlja samo dodatnih 10 dolarjev, če že imate v lasti igralno konzolo Wii. Zato se že veselim nekaterih iger. Louis Castle, tam spodaj sedi, je prejšnji teden oznanil, da bo Electronic Arts, eden največjih založnikov iger, maja izdal igro, v kateri bo "računalniški pirh", ki bo podpiral tovrstno naglavno sledenje. To se je v manj kot petih mesecih iz prototipa v moji delavnici razvilo v tržni proizvod. (Aplavz) Hvala. 04:34 Mi je pa še bolj zanimivo, kako so ljudje izvedeli za ta dva izdelka. YouTube je močno vplival na to, kako hitro lahko posameznik razširi idejo po celem svetu. V enem trenutku razvijam v svoji delavnici video kamero in v enem tednu si je moje delo ogledalo že milijon ljudi. In dobesedno v nekaj dneh so inženirji, učitelji in učenci iz celega sveta objavljali lastne posnetke na YouTube-u, v katerih so uporabljali moj sistem ali nekakšne predelave. Zato upam, da bom v prihodnosti tega videl veliko več, in upam, da bo raziskovalna skupnost spletno distribucijo videov sprejela. Najlepša hvala. (Aplavz)
English to Slovenian: How to make filthy water drinkable General field: Science Detailed field: Engineering (general)
Source text - English Good morning everybody. I'd like to talk about a couple of things today. The first thing is water. Now I see you've all been enjoying the water that's been provided for you here at the conference, over the past couple of days. And I'm sure you'll feel that it's from a safe source. 00:19 But what if it wasn't? What if it was from a source like this? Then statistics would actually say that half of you would now be suffering with diarrhea. I talked a lot in the past about statistics, and the provision of safe drinking water for all. But they just don't seem to get through. And I think I've worked out why. It's because, using current thinking, the scale of the problem just seems too huge to contemplate solving. So we just switch off: us, governments and aid agencies. Well, today, I'd like to show you that through thinking differently, the problem has been solved. By the way, since I've been speaking, another 13,000 people around the world are suffering now with diarrhea. And four children have just died. 01:24 I invented Lifesaver bottle because I got angry. I, like most of you, was sitting down, the day after Christmas in 2004, when I was watching the devastating news of the Asian tsunami as it rolled in, playing out on TV. The days and weeks that followed, people fleeing to the hills, being forced to drink contaminated water or face death. That really stuck with me. Then, a few months later, Hurricane Katrina slammed into the side of America. "Okay," I thought, "here's a First World country, let's see what they can do." Day one: nothing. Day two: nothing. Do you know it took five days to get water to the Superdome? People were shooting each other on the streets for TV sets and water. That's when I decided I had to do something. 02:23 Now I spent a lot of time in my garage, over the next weeks and months, and also in my kitchen -- much to the dismay of my wife. (Laughter) However, after a few failed prototypes, I finally came up with this, the Lifesaver bottle. 02:39 Okay, now for the science bit. Before Lifesaver, the best hand filters were only capable of filtering down to about 200 nanometers. The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers. So a 200-nanometer bacteria is going to get through a 200-nanometer hole. The smallest virus, on the other hand, is about 25 nanometers. So that's definitely going to get through those 200 nanometer holes. Lifesaver pores are 15 nanometers. So nothing is getting through. 03:15 Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration. Would you like to see that? I spent all the time setting this up, so I guess I should. We're in the fine city of Oxford. So -- someone's done that up. Fine city of Oxford, so what I've done is I've gone and got some water from the River Cherwell, and the River Thames, that flow through here. And this is the water. But I got to thinking, you know, if we were in the middle of a flood zone in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this. So I've gone and got some stuff to add into it. And this is from my pond. 03:46 (Sniffs) (Coughs) Have a smell of that, mister cameraman. 03:50 Okay. (Laughs) Right. We're just going to pour that in there. 03:57 Audience: Ugh! 03:59 Michael Pritchard: Okay. We've got some runoff from a sewage plant farm. So I'm just going to put that in there. (Laughter) Put that in there. There we go. (Laughter) And some other bits and pieces, chuck that in there. And I've got a gift here from a friend of mine's rabbit. So we're just going to put that in there as well. (Laughter) Okay. (Laughter) Now. 04:29 The Lifesaver bottle works really simply. You just scoop the water up. Today I'm going to use a jug just to show you all. Let's get a bit of that poo in there. That's not dirty enough. Let's just stir that up a little bit. Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water, and put it in here. Do you want a drink yet? (Laughter) Okay. There we go. Replace the top. Give it a few pumps. Okay? That's all that's necessary. Now as soon as I pop the teat, sterile drinking water is going to come out. I've got to be quick. Okay, ready? There we go. Mind the electrics. That is safe, sterile drinking water. (Applause) Cheers. (Applause) There you go Chris. (Applause) What's it taste of? 05:47 Chris Anderson: Delicious. 05:49 Michael Pritchard: Okay. Let's see Chris's program throughout the rest of the show. Okay? (Laughter) 05:58 Okay. Lifesaver bottle is used by thousands of people around the world. It'll last for 6,000 liters. And when it's expired, using failsafe technology, the system will shut off, protecting the user. Pop the cartridge out. Pop a new one in. It's good for another 6,000 liters. 06:17 So let's look at the applications. Traditionally, in a crisis, what do we do? We ship water. Then, after a few weeks, we set up camps. And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water. What happens when 20,000 people congregate in a camp? Diseases spread. More resources are required. The problem just becomes self-perpetuating. But by thinking differently, and shipping these, people can stay put. They can make their own sterile drinking water, and start to get on with rebuilding their homes and their lives. 06:58 Now, it doesn't require a natural disaster for this to work. Using the old thinking, of national infrastructure and pipe work, is too expensive. When you run the numbers on a calculator, you run out of noughts. So here is the "thinking different" bit. 07:18 Instead of shipping water, and using man-made processes to do it, let's use Mother Nature. She's got a fantastic system. She picks the water up from there, desalinates it, for free, transports it over there, and dumps it onto the mountains, rivers, and streams. And where do people live? Near water. All we've go to do is make it sterile. How do we do that? 07:42 Well, we could use the Lifesaver bottle. Or we could use one of these. The same technology, in a jerry can. This will process 25,000 liters of water; that's good enough for a family of four, for three years. And how much does it cost? About half a cent a day to run. Thank you. 08:08 (Applause) 08:11 So, by thinking differently, and processing water at the point of use, mothers and children no longer have to walk four hours a day to collect their water. They can get it from a source nearby. So with just eight billion dollars, we can hit the millennium goal's target of halving the number of people without access to safe drinking water. To put that into context, The U.K. government spends about 12 billion pounds a year on foreign aid. But why stop there? With 20 billion dollars, everyone can have access to safe drinking water. So the three-and-a-half billion people that suffer every year as a result, and the two million kids that die every year, will live. Thank you. 09:10 (Applause)	Translation - Slovenian 00:03 Dobro jutro vsem skupaj. Danes bi se rad pogovoril o nekaj zadevah. Prvo o vodi. Vidim, da je vsem všeč voda, ki so vam jo dali na konferenci v zadnjih nekaj dneh. In zagotovo tudi ne dvomite, da je neoporečna. 00:19 Ampak kaj, če ne bi bila? Kaj, če bi njen vir bil takšen? V tem primeru bi na podlagi statističnih podatkov polovica prisotnih trpela za diarejo. V preteklosti sem veliko govoril o statistikah in zagotavljanju varne pitne vode za vsakega, kar pa ni padlo na plodna tla. In mislim, da sem ugotovil zakaj. Zaradi trenutnega načina razmišljanja, se nam zdi obseg problema prevelik, da bi lahko razmišljali o tem, kako ga rešiti. Zato se nehamo ozirati na sebe, vlade ter organizacije za humanitarno pomoč. No, danes bi vam rad pokazal, da je bil problem rešen s pomočjo drugačnega načina razmišljanja. Mimogrede, od začetka mojega govora, je za diarejo zbolelo 13.000 dodatnih ljudi. In pravkar so umrli štirje otroci. 01:24 Čutaro Lifesaver sem izumil, zaradi besa. Kot večina izmed vas, sem dan po božiču leta 2004 tudi jaz sedel doma ter po televiziji spremljal novice o cunamiju, ki je opustošil dele Azije. Naslednjih nekaj dni ter tednov so ljudje bežali v hribe, kjer niso imeli druge izbire, kot piti onesnaženo vodo ali pa se soočiti s smrtjo. To mi ni dalo miru. Nekaj mesecev kasneje je v Ameriko pridivjal orkan Katrina. "Dobro," sem si mislil, "zdaj imamo državo Prvega sveta, poglejmo kaj zmorejo." Prvi dan: nič. Drugi dan: nič. Se zavedate, da je za dostavo vode do dvorane Superdome bilo potrebnih pet dni? Ljudje so se streljali po ulicah za televizorje in vodo. V tistem trenutku sem se odločil, da moram glede tega nekaj storiti. 02:23 Veliko časa sem preživel v garaži, nekaj tednov, mesecev. Prav tako v kuhinji -- žena se s tem ni ravno strinjala. (Smeh) Toda po nekaj neuspelih poskusih sem iznašel čutaro Lifesaver. 02:39 No, zdaj pa znanstveni del. Pred Lifesaverjem so najboljši prenosni filtri bili zmožni prefiltrirati le do približno 200 nanometrov velike delce. Najmanjša bakterija je velika približno 200 nanometrov. Torej bo 200 nanometrov velika bakterija uspela priti skozi 200 nanometrov veliko luknjo. Toda najmanjši virus je velik približno 25 nanometrov in bo zagotovo uspel priti skozi 200 nanometrov velike luknje. Pore Lifesaverja imajo premer 15 nanometrov. Torej ne spustijo skozi ničesar. 03:15 Dobro, pripravil sem majhno predstavitev. Vas zanima? Po tolikšnem času priprave mislim, da se jo splača ogledati. Nahajamo se v krasnem mestu Oxford. Zato -- nekdo je to dobro zaprl. Smo v krasnem mestu Oxford in zato sem zbral nekaj vode iz rek Cherwell in Temze, ki tečeta skozi mesto. In tukaj je njuna voda. Ampak potem sem pomislil, da voda sredi poplave v Bangladešu ne bi bila takšna. Zato sem prinesel še nekaj dodatnih stvari. To je iz mojega ribnika. 03:46 (Povoha) (Zakašlja) Povohajte to, gospod snemalec. 03:50 Dobro. (Smeh) Prav. To bomo enostavno vlili noter. 03:57 Občinstvo: Pfuj! 03:59 Michael Pritchard: Dobro. Imamo še odpadno vodo iz centralne čistilne naprave. Torej bom dodal še to. (Smeh) Kar dodajmo. Tako. (Smeh) In še nekaj drugih drobcev. Kar vlijmo noter. Zdaj pa še darilce od prijateljevega zajca. In bomo dodali še to. (Smeh) Dobro. (Smeh) No tako. 04:29 Čutara Lifesaver je zelo preprosta za uporabo. Vodo preprosto zajamemo. Danes bom uporabil vrč, da vam lahko pokažem. Zajemimo nekaj iztrebkov. To ni dovolj umazano. Malo premešajmo. Dobro. Torej to zelo umazano vodo bom prelil sem. Ste že žejni? (Smeh) Dobro. No, pa gremo. Namestimo zamašek. Nekajkrat pritisnemo. Prav? To je vse. Takoj ko bom odprl ventil, bo ven začela teči sterilna pitna voda. Moram biti hiter. Dobro, pripravljeni? No, tako. Pazimo na elektroniko. To je varna, sterilna pitna voda. (Aplavz) Na zdravje. (Aplavz) Izvoli Chris. (Aplavz) Kakšen okus ima? 05:47 Chris Anderson: Izvrsten. 05:49 Michael Pritchard: Dobro. Glejmo, kako se bo med predstavo godilo Chrisu. Prav? (Smeh) 05:58 Dobro. Čutaro Lifesaver uporablja na tisoče ljudi po celem svetu. Zadošča za 6.000 litrov. Ko njena uporabnost poteče, se sistem s pomočjo varovalnega mehanizma izključi in tako zaščiti uporabnika. Tulec s filtrom odstranimo. Vstavimo novega. In zadošča za dodatnih 6.000 litrov. 06:17 Pa si oglejmo uporabnost. Kaj navadno storimo med krizo? Vodo prevažamo. Po nekaj tednih postavimo tabore. Ljudje so nato primorani priti v tabore po svoj delež varne pitne vode. Kaj se zgodi, če se v taboru zbere 20.000 ljudi? Bolezni se širijo. Potrebna so dodatna sredstva. Problem se pospešuje sam od sebe. Toda z drugačnim načinom razmišljanja in dobavljanjem čutar, lahko ljudje ostanejo na enem mestu. Sterilno pitno vodo si lahko priskrbijo sami in lahko raje ponovno postavijo na noge sebe ter svoje domove. 06:58 Toda, za vse to ne potrebujemo naravne katastrofe. Uporaba starega načina razmišljanja, državnih infrastruktur ter vodovodov je predraga. Pri izračunu stroškov nam zmanjka ničel. Zdaj pa je čas za del o "drugačnem načinu razmišljanja". 07:18 Namesto, da vodo prevažamo s pomočjo umetnih postopkov raje uporabimo mati naravo. Saj že ima čudovit postopek. Vodo zbere tam, jo brezplačno razsoli, jo prenese tja in jo odvrže na gore, v reke in potoke. In kje živijo ljudje? V bližini vode. Moramo jo le še sterilizirati. Kako pa storimo to? 07:42 No, lahko uporabimo čutaro Lifesaver. Lahko pa uporabimo tudi kaj takšnega. Enaka tehnologija, v kanistru. S tem lahko prečistimo 25.000 litrov vode; kar lahko oskrbi štiričlansko družino za tri leta. Kaj pa cena? Za dan uporabe odštejete le pol centa. Hvala. 08:08 (Aplavz) 08:11 Torej, z drugačnim načinom razmišljanja in recikliranjem vode v ospredju materam in otrokom ne bo več treba hoditi štiri ure na dan, da bi prišli do vode. Lahko jo dobijo iz bližnjega vira. Le z 8 milijardami dolarjev lahko dosežemo cilj tisočletja in razpolovimo število ljudi brez dostopa do varne pitne vode. V kontekstu to pomeni, da Britanska vlada porabi 12 milijard funtov na leto za pomoč v tujini. Zakaj bi se ustavili tukaj? Z 20 milijardami dolarjev bi lahko imeli vsi dostop do varne pitne vode. Tri milijarde in pol ljudi, ki posledično trpijo vsako leto in 2 milijona otrok, ki vsako leto umrejo, bo tako preživelo. Hvala. 09:10 (Aplavz)
English to Slovenian: My year of living biblically General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - English 00:03 I thought I'd tell you a little about what I like to write. And I like to immerse myself in my topics. I just like to dive right in and become sort of a human guinea pig. And I see my life as a series of experiments. 00:21 So, I work for Esquire magazine, and a couple of years ago, I wrote an article called "My Outsourced Life," where I hired a team of people in Bangalore, India, to live my life for me. So, they answered my emails. They answered my phone. They argued with my wife for me, and they read my son bedtime stories. It was the best month of my life, because I just sat back and I read books and watched movies. It was a wonderful experience. 00:54 More recently, I wrote an article for Esquire called -- about radical honesty. And this is a movement where -- this is started by a psychologist in Virginia, who says that you should never, ever lie, except maybe during poker and golf, his only exceptions. And, more than that, whatever is on your brain should come out of your mouth. So, I decided I would try this for a month. This was the worst month of my life. (Laughter) I do not recommend this at all. To give you a sense of the experience, the article was called, "I Think You're Fat." (Laughter) So, that was hard. 01:37 My most recent book -- my previous book was called "The Know-It-All," and it was about the year I spent reading the Encyclopedia Britannica from A to Z in my quest to learn everything in the world, or more precisely from Aak, which is a type of East Asian music, all the way to Zwyiec, which is -- well, I don't want to ruin the ending. (Laughter) It's a very exciting twist ending, like an O. Henry novel, so I won't ruin it. But I love that one, because that was an experiment about how much information one human brain could absorb. Although, listening to Kevin Kelly, you don't have to remember anything. You can just Google it. So, I wasted some time there. 02:20 I love those experiments, but I think that the most profound and life-changing experiment that I've done is my most recent experiment, where I spent a year trying to follow all of the rules of the Bible, "The Year of Living Biblically." And I undertook this for two reasons. The first was that I grew up with no religion at all. As I say in my book, I'm Jewish in the same way the Olive Garden is Italian. (Laughter) So, not very. But I've become increasingly interested in religion. I do think it's the defining issue of our time, or one of the main ones. And I have a son. I want to know what to teach him. So, I decided to dive in head first, and try to live the Bible. 03:11 The second reason I undertook this is because I'm concerned about the rise of fundamentalism, religious fundamentalism, and people who say they take the Bible literally, which is, according to some polls, as high as 45 or 50 percent of America. So I decided, what if you really did take the Bible literally? I decided to take it to its logical conclusion and take everything in the Bible literally, without picking and choosing. 03:40 The first thing I did was I got a stack of bibles. I had Christian bibles. I had Jewish bibles. A friend of mine sent me something called a hip-hop bible, where the twenty-third Psalm is rendered as, "The Lord is all that," as opposed to what I knew it as, "The Lord is my shepherd." 03:58 Then I went down and I read several versions, and I wrote down every single law that I could find. And this was a very long list -- over 700 rules. And they range from the famous ones that I had heard of -- The Ten Commandments, love your neighbor, be fruitful and multiply. So I wanted to follow those. And actually, I take my projects very seriously, because I had twins during my year, so I definitely take my projects seriously. 04:26 But I also wanted to follow the hundreds of arcane and obscure laws that are in the Bible. There is the law in Leviticus, "You cannot shave the corners of your beard." I didn't know where my corners were, so I decided to let the whole thing grow, and this is what I looked like by the end. As you can imagine, I spent a lot of time at airport security. (Laughter) My wife wouldn't kiss me for the last two months. So, certainly the challenge was there. 04:55 The Bible says you cannot wear clothes made of mixed fibers, so I thought, "Sounds strange, but I'll try it." You only know if you try it. I got rid of all my poly-cotton T-shirts. The Bible says that if two men are in a fight, and the wife of one of those men grabs the testicles of the other man, then her hand shall be cut off. So, I wanted to follow that rule. (Laughter) That one I followed by default, by not getting in a fight with a man whose wife was standing nearby, looking like she had a strong grip. (Laughter) So -- oh, there's another shot of my beard. 05:39 I will say it was an amazing year because it really was life changing, and incredibly challenging. And there were two types of laws that were particularly challenging. The first was avoiding the little sins that we all commit every day. You know, I could spend a year not killing, but spending a year not gossiping, not coveting, not lying -- you know, I live in New York, and I work as a journalist, so this was 75, 80 percent of my day I had to do it. 06:06 But it was really interesting, because I was able to make some progress, because I couldn't believe how much my behavior changed my thoughts. This was one of the huge lessons of the year, is that I almost pretended to be a better person, and I became a little bit of a better person. So I had always thought, you know, "You change your mind, and you change your behavior," but it's often the other way around. You change your behavior, and you change your mind. So, you know, if you want to become more compassionate, you visit sick people in the hospital, and you will become more compassionate. You donate money to a cause, and you become emotionally involved in that cause. So, it really was cognitive psychology -- you know, cognitive dissonance -- that I was experiencing. The Bible actually talks about cognitive psychology, very primitive cognitive psychology. In the Proverbs, it says that if you smile, you will become happier, which, as we know, is actually true. 07:07 The second type of rule that was difficult to obey was the rules that will get you into a little trouble in twenty-first-century America. And perhaps the clearest example of this is stoning adulterers. (Laughter) But it's a big part of the Bible, so I figured I had to address it. So, I was able to stone one adulterer. It happened -- I was in the park, and I was dressed in my biblical clothing, so sandals and sort of a white robe, you know, because again, the outer affects the inner. I wanted to see how dressing biblically affected my mind. And this man came up to me and he said, "Why are you dressed like that?" And I explained my project, and he said, "Well, I am an adulterer, are you going to stone me?" And I said, "Well, that would be great!" (Laughter) And I actually took out a handful of stones from my pocket that I had been carrying around for weeks, hoping for just this interaction -- and, you know, they were pebbles -- but he grabbed them out of my hand. He was actually an elderly man, mid-70s, just so you know. But he's still an adulterer, and still quite angry. He grabbed them out of my hand and threw them at my face, and I felt that I could -- eye for an eye -- I could retaliate, and throw one back at him. 08:31 So that was my experience stoning, and it did allow me to talk about, in a more serious way, these big issues. How can the Bible be so barbaric in some places, and yet so incredibly wise in others? How should we view the Bible? Should we view it, you know, as original intent, like a sort of a Scalia version of the Bible? How was the Bible written? And actually, since this is a tech crowd, I talk in the book about how the Bible actually reminds me of the Wikipedia, because it has all of these authors and editors over hundreds of years. And it's sort of evolved. It's not a book that was written and came down from on high. 09:15 So I thought I would end by telling you just a couple of the take-aways, the bigger lessons that I learned from my year. The first is, thou shalt not take the Bible literally. This became very, very clear, early on. Because if you do, then you end up acting like a crazy person, and stoning adulterers, or -- here's another example. Well, that's another. I did spend some time shepherding. (Laughter) It's a very relaxing vocation. I recommend it. 09:48 But this one is -- the Bible says that you cannot touch women during certain times of the month, and more than that, you cannot sit on a seat where a menstruating woman has sat. And my wife thought this was very offensive, so she sat in every seat in our apartment, and I had to spend much of the year standing until I bought my own seat and carried it around. 10:12 So, you know, I met with creationists. I went to the creationists' museum. And these are the ultimate literalists. And it was fascinating, because they were not stupid people at all. I would wager that their IQ is exactly the same as the average evolutionist. It's just that their faith is so strong in this literal interpretation of the Bible that they distort all the data to fit their model. And they go through these amazing mental gymnastics to accomplish this. 10:40 And I will say, though, the museum is gorgeous. They really did a fantastic job. If you're ever in Kentucky, there's, you can see a movie of the flood, and they have sprinklers in the ceiling that will sprinkle on you during the flood scenes. So, whatever you think of creationism -- and I think it's crazy -- they did a great job. (Laughter) 11:05 Another lesson is that thou shalt give thanks. And this one was a big lesson because I was praying, giving these prayers of thanksgiving, which was odd for an agnostic. But I was saying thanks all the time, every day, and I started to change my perspective. And I started to realize the hundreds of little things that go right every day, that I didn't even notice, that I took for granted, as opposed to focusing on the three or four that went wrong. So, this is actually a key to happiness for me, is to just remember when I came over here, the car didn't flip over, and I didn't trip coming up the stairs. It's a remarkable thing. 11:50 Third, that thou shall have reverence. This one was unexpected because I started the year as an agnostic, and by the end of the year, I became what a friend of mine calls a reverent agnostic, which I love. And I'm trying to start it as a movement. So, if anyone wants to join, the basic idea is, whether or not there is a God, there's something important and beautiful about the idea of sacredness, and that our rituals can be sacred. The Sabbath can be sacred. This was one of the great things about my year, doing the Sabbath, because I am a workaholic, so having this one day where you cannot work, it really, that changed my life. So, this idea of sacredness, whether or not there is a God. 12:34 Thou shall not stereotype. This one happened because I spent a lot of time with various religious communities throughout America because I wanted it to be more than about my journey. I wanted it to be about religion in America. So, I spent time with evangelical Christians, and Hasidic Jews, and the Amish. I'm very proud because I think I'm the only person in America to out Bible-talk a Jehovah's Witness. (Laughter) After three and a half hours, he looked at his watch, he's like, "I gotta go." (Laughter) Oh, thank you very much. Thank you. Bless you, bless you. 13:14 But it was interesting because I had some very preconceived notions about, for instance, evangelical Christianity, and I found that it's such a wide and varied movement that it is difficult to make generalizations about it. There's a group I met with called the Red Letter Christians, and they focus on the red words in the Bible, which are the ones that Jesus spoke. That's how they printed them in the old Bibles. And their argument is that Jesus never talked about homosexuality. They have a pamphlet that says, "Here's what Jesus said about homosexuality," and you open it up, and there's nothing in it. So, they say Jesus did talk a lot about helping the outcasts, helping poor people. So, this was very inspiring to me. I recommend Jim Wallis and Tony Campolo. They're very inspiring leaders, even though I disagree with much of what they say. 14:17 Also, thou shalt not disregard the irrational. This one was very unexpected because, you know, I grew up with the scientific worldview, and I was shocked learning how much of my life is governed by irrational forces. And the thing is, if they're not harmful, they're not to be completely dismissed. Because I learned that -- I was thinking, I was doing all these rituals, these biblical rituals, separating my wool and linen, and I would ask these religious people "Why would the Bible possibly tell us to do this? Why would God care?" And they said, "We don't know, but it's just rituals that give us meaning." And I would say, "But that's crazy." And they would say, "Well, what about you? You blow out candles on top of a birthday cake. If a guy from Mars came down and saw, here's one guy blowing out the fire on top of a cake versus another guy not wearing clothes of mixed fabrics, would the Martians say, 'Well, that guy, he makes sense, but that guy's crazy?'" So no, I think that rituals are, by nature, irrational. So the key is to choose the right rituals, the ones that are not harmful -- but rituals by themselves are not to be dismissed. 15:48 And finally I learned that thou shall pick and choose. And this one I learned because I tried to follow everything in the Bible. And I failed miserably. Because you can't. You have to pick and choose. And anyone who follows the Bible is going to be picking and choosing. The key is to pick and choose the right parts. There's the phrase called cafeteria religion, and the fundamentalists will use it in a denigrating way, and they'll say, "Oh, it's just cafeteria religion. You're just picking and choosing." But my argument is, "What's wrong with cafeterias?" I've had some great meals at cafeterias. I've also had some meals that make me want to dry heave. So, it's about choosing the parts of the Bible about compassion, about tolerance, about loving your neighbor, as opposed to the parts about homosexuality is a sin, or intolerance, or violence, which are very much in the Bible as well. So if we are to find any meaning in this book, then we have to really engage it, and wrestle with it. 16:55 And I thought I'd end with just a couple more. There's me reading the Bible. That's how I hailed taxicabs. (Laughter) Seriously, and it worked. And yes, that was actually a rented sheep, so I had to return that in the morning, but it served well for a day. So, anyway, thank you so much for letting me speak.	Translation - Slovenian 00:03 Rad bi vam povedal nekaj malega o svojem pisanju. Rad se poglobim v svoje teme. V temo se spustim in postanem nekakšen človeški poskusni zajček. Na svoje življenje gledam kot niz poskusov. 00:21 Torej, delam pri reviji Esquire in pred nekaj leti sem napisal članek "Moje življenje v najemu," za katerega sem v Bangaloru v Indiji najel skupino ljudi, ki so živeli namesto mene. Odgovarjali so na mojo e-pošto, javljali so se na telefon, namesto mene so se pričkali z mojo ženo in sinu so brali pravljice za lahko noč. Bil je najboljši mesec mojega življenja ker sem se lahko enostavno sprostil, bral knjige in gledal filme. To je bila res čudovita izkušnja. 00:54 Nedavno pa sem za Esquire tudi napisal članek o radikalni iskrenosti. To je gibanje ki -- vse se je začelo s psihologom iz Virginije, ki pravi, da ne smemo nikoli, ampak res nikoli, lagati. Razen mogoče med igro pokra ali golfa, ki sta njegovi edini izjemi. Poleg tega naj bi ubesedili vse, kar imamo v mislih. Zato sem za mesec dni poskusil tudi to. To je bil najhujši mesec mojega življenja. (Smeh) Tega sploh ne priporočam. Naj vam dam primer svoje izkušnje. Članek je imel naslov "Debela se mi zdiš". (Smeh) Torej je bilo to kar težavno. 01:37 Moja najnovejša knjiga -- predhodna knjiga je imela naslov "Pametnjakovič". V njej je opisano eno leto, ki sem ga preživel z branjem celotne zbirke Enciklopedije Britanike z namenom, da se naučim vse kar je na svetu za vedeti. Ali bolj natančno, vse od "aak", ki je vrsta vzhodnoazijske glasbe, vse do "Zwyiec", ki je -- no, nočem pokvariti konca. (Smeh) Ima zelo razburljiv konec z zapletom, kot O. Henryjeva novela, zato ga ne bom pokvaril. Ta poskus mi je bil všeč, ker je pokazal koliko informacij so človeški možgani dejansko možni sprejeti. Čeprav si med poslušanjem Kevina Kellyja ne rabiš zapomniti nič. Vse lahko enostavno poiščeš na googlu. Torej sem s tem zapravil nekaj časa. 02:20 Obožujem te poskuse, ampak mislim, da najbolj globokoumen in občuten poskus, ki sem ga opravil, je moj najnovejši poskus, za katerega sem eno leto živel po napotkih pravil iz Biblije. "Leto bibličnega življenja". Tega sem se lotil iz dveh razlogov. Prvi je bil ta, da sem odraščal brez verskega vpliva. Kot sem opisal v knjigi, Žid sem v tolikšni meri, kot je veriga restavracij "Olive Garden" italijanska. (Smeh) Torej, ne zelo. Toda vera me je zanimala vedno bolj. Sem mnenja, da je ena izmed bolj pomembnih sodobnih tem, če ne celo ena najbolj pomembnih. Imam tudi sina in hočem vedeti kaj ga učim. Zato sem se zadeve lotil z glavo naprej in poskusil živeti Biblijo. 03:11 Drugi razlog za podvig pa je bila moja zaskrbljenost zaradi povečevanja moči fundamentalizma, verskega fundamentalizma in ljudi, ki pravijo, da jemljejo Biblijo dobesedno, kar je po anketah sodeč kar 45 ali 50 odstotkov ljudi v Ameriki. Zato sem se odločil Biblijo zares vzeti dobesedno. Želel sem priti do logičnega zaključka in vse v Bibliji vzeti dobesedno, brez prebiranja. 03:40 Prvo sem zbral kup Biblij. Imel sem krščanske Biblije, in židovske Biblije. Kolega mi je poslal tako imenovano hip-hop Biblijo, v kateri se 23 psalm začne z "Gospod je glavn'," kar sem jaz poznal v obliki "Gospod je moj pastir." 03:58 Potem sem prebral več različic in si zapisal vsako pravilo, ki sem ga našel. Seznam je bil zelo dolg -- več kot 700 pravil. Med njimi so bila tista najbolj znana, za katera sem že slišal. Deset božjih zapovedi, ljubi svojega bližnjega, bodi rodoviten in se množi. Zato sem se želel ravnati po teh. In svoje projekte vzamem resno, saj sem v tistem letu dobil dvojčka. Torej, svoje projekte jemljem zelo resno. 04:26 Želel pa sem se tudi ravnati po vseh stotih manj razvidnih in nepoznanih pravilih, ki jih najdemo v Bibliji. V Levitiku je pravilo "Ne krajšaj konca svoje brade!" Ker nisem vedel, kje se moja brada konča, sem se odločil, da jo bom kar pustil rasti. In na koncu sem izgledal tako. Kot si lahko predstavljate, da sem na letališčih veliko časa preživel med varnostniki. (Smeh) Žena me zadnja dva meseca ni želela poljubiti. Torej je bil tudi precejšen izziv. 04:55 Biblija tudi pravi, da ne smeš nositi oblek iz mešanih tkanin. Mislil sem si: "Sliši se čudno, ampak bom poskusil." Samo ko nekaj poskusiš, vidiš kako je. Znebil sem se vseh kratkih majic mešanih iz poliestra in bombaža. Biblija pravi, če se dva moška stepeta in žena enega zagrabi moda drugega moškega, se ji odreže roko. Zato sem se želel ravnati tudi po tem pravilu. (Smeh) Po njem sem se ravnal samodejno in se nisem stepel z moškim z ženo ob sebi, ki je dajala vtis, da ima močan prijem. (Smeh) Tu je še ena fotografija moje brade. 05:39 Bilo je res neverjetno leto, ker mi je res spremenilo življenje in je bilo zelo velik izziv. Dve vrsti pravil sta bili še posebej zahtevni. Prva je bilo izogibanje manjšim grehom, ki jih delamo iz dneva v dan. Ni bilo težko preživeti eno leto brez ubijanja, ampak eno leto brez obrekovanja, poželenja, laganja -- veste, živim v New Yorku in sem novinar. Vse to je sestavljalo 75, 80 odstotkov mojega vsakdana. 06:06 Toda, bilo jo zelo zanimivo, ker sem lahko nekoliko napredoval in ker nisem mogel verjeti koliko je moje obnašanje spremenilo moje mišljenje. To je bil eden izmed največjih naukov tistega leta. Poskusil sem se pretvarjati biti boljša oseba in sem tako postal malo boljša oseba. Vedno sem govoril: "Svoje obnašanje spremeniš, ko spremeniš način mišljenja," ampak pogosto je ravno obratno. Prvo spremeniš svoje obnašanje, potem šele način mišljenja. Če želite postati bolj sočutni, morate torej obiskati obolele v bolnišnici in postali boste bolj sočutni. Ko darujete denar za dober namen, se mu s tem tudi približate čustveno. Res sem izkusil kognitivno psihologijo, veste -- kognitivno disonanco. Biblija v bistvu tudi govori o kognitivni psihologiji, zelo prvobitni obliki kognitivne psihologije. V Pregovorih pravi, ko se boš nasmejal, boš postal srečnejši. Kar je, kot vsi vemo, res. 07:07 Druga vrsta pravil, ki jo je bilo prav tako težko ubogati, so bila pravila, ki te bodo v Ameriki 21. stoletja spravila v težave. In najbolj nazoren primer bi bilo kamenjanje prešuštnikov. (Smeh) Ampak je velik del Biblije, zato sem se lotil tudi tega. Uspelo mi je vreči kamen v enega prešuštnika. To se mi je zgodilo -- bil sem v parku, oblečen v biblična oblačila. Torej sem imel sandale in nekakšno belo haljo, ker, saj veste, zunanjost vpliva na vzdušje. Zanimalo me je, kakšen vpliv imajo biblična oblačila na moje mišljenje. In do mene stopi ta moški in me vpraša: "Zakaj si tako oblečen?" Zato mu razložim svoj projekt. Reče mi: "No, jaz sem prešuštnik, misliš okamenjati mene?" In mu odgvorim: "To bi bilo super!" (Smeh) In dejansko sem iz žepa vzel pest kamenja, ki sem ga imel pri sebi več tednov, in sem čakal na takšno priložnost. Bili so majhni kamenčki. Vzel mi jih je iz roke. Bil je starejši moški v srednjih sedemdesetih letih, samo da veste. Vseeno pa je bil prešuštnik in tudi precej jezen. Vzel mi jih je iz roke in mi jih vrgel v obraz. Zato sem si mislil "oko za oko" in sem mu lahko vrnil, zato sem vrgel en kamen nazaj v njega. 08:31 No, to je bila moja izkušnja kamenjanja, kar mi je pomagalo spregovoriti o teh zadevah tudi na malo bolj resen način. Kako je Biblija lahko na nekaterih mestih tako barbarska in kljub temu na drugih tako poučna? Kako moramo gledati na Biblijo? Jo moramo interpretirati po principu izvornega namena, kot na njo gleda Antonin Scalia? Kako je bila Biblija napisana? In ker je občinstvo bolj tehnično, govorim v knjigi tudi o tem, kako me Biblija spominja na Wikipedijo, ker je čez več stoletij imela toliko avtorjev in urednikov. S tem se je nekako razvijala. To ni knjiga, ki je bila enostavno napisana in je padla z neba. 09:15 Zaključiti bi želel z nekaterimi pomembnejšimi lekcijami, ki sem jih odnesel od izkušnje v tistem letu. Prva je, ne jemlji Biblije dobesedno. To mi je postalo zelo jasno zelo zgodaj. Če boš to dejansko storil, se boš na koncu obnašal kot norec in kamenjal prešuštnike ali pa -- imam še en primer. No, to je nek drugi. Dejansko sem nekaj časa pasel ovce. (Smeh) Je zelo sproščujoče opravilo in ga toplo priporočam. 09:48 Toda ta -- Biblija pravi, da se med določenimi meseci ne smeš dotikati žensk. Ne samo to, prav tako ne smeš sedeti, kjer je sedela ženska z menstruacijo. Moja žena je menila, da je to zelo žaljivo, in se je usedla na vsak sedež v stanovanju. Zato sem velik del leta preživel stoje, dokler si nisem kupil lastnega stola, ki sem ga nosil s seboj. 10:12 Dobil sem se tudi s kreacionisti. Obiskal sem v kreacionistični muzej. Nihče ne jemlje stvari bolj dobesedno kot oni. Bilo je zelo fascinantno, ker sploh niso neumni. Stavim, da je njihov IQ na isti ravni z IQ-jem povprečnega evolucionista. Toda, njihovo prepričanje v dobesedno interpretacijo Biblije je tako močno, da vse podatke spremenijo do te mere da ustreza njihovemu vzorcu. To pa poskusijo doseči s pomočjo teh neverjetnih miselnih akrobacij. 10:40 In moram omeniti, da je muzej čudovit. Zelo so se potrudili. Če boste kdajkoli v Kentuckyju, si lahko ogledate film o vesoljnem potopu, kjer imajo na stropu nameščene škropilnike, ki te med prizori povodni poškropijo. Vseeno kakšno mnenje imate o kreacionizmu -- jaz menim, da je traparija -- Dobro so se odrezali. (Smeh) 11:05 Druga lekcija je bila, hvali dan. To je bila pomembna lekcija zato, ker sem molil na zahvalni dan, kar je za agnostika zelo nenavadno. Zahvaljeval sem se ves čas, vsak dan, kar je spremenilo moj pogled. Začel sem se zavedati vseh malenkosti, ki se tekom dneva dobro iztečejo, in jih prej nisem opazil. Imel sem jih za samoumevne in se osredotočal na dve ali tri stvari, ki so mi šle narobe. Torej, po mojem je to pot do sreče. Ob prihodu na konferenco se moj avto ni prevrnil in na poti po stopnicah se nisem spotaknil. To je res nekaj neverjetnega. 11:50 Tretjič, boš častil. To je bila nepričakovana lekcija, ker sem leto začel kot agnostik in ob koncu leta sem postal kar nek kolega imenuje častiteljski agnostik, kar mi je zelo všeč. Iz tega poskušam tudi ustvariti gibanje. Torej, če se kdorkoli želi pridružiti, osnovna zamisel je ta, da ne glede ali obstaja Bog ali ne, je predstava o svetosti še vedno nekaj pomembnega in lepega in naši rituali so lahko sveti. Gospodov dan je lahko svet. Gospodov dan je bila ena izmed boljših izkušenj v letu, ker sem deloholik, in je ta en dela prost dan zelo spremenil moje življenje. Torej, ta predstava o svetosti, ne glede na obstoj Boga. 12:34 Ne boš sodil po stereotipih. Do te lekcije sem prišel z obiskovanjem raznih verskih skupnosti po celi Ameriki, ker sem želel, da bi bila izkušnja o nečem več kot mojem potovanju. Želel sem, da bi se nanašala na vero v Ameriki. Zato sem preživel nekaj časa z evangeličani, hasidijskimi Judi in amiši. Na to sem zelo ponosen, ker mislim, da sem edina oseba v Ameriki, ki se je o Bibliji želela pogovarjati bolj dolgo kot jehova priča. (Smeh) Po treh urah in pol je pogledal na uro in rekel: "Iti moram." (Smeh) Hvala, najlepša vam hvala. Hvala. Bog vas blagoslovi. 13:14 Bilo je zelo zanimivo, ker sem pred tem imel te različne predstave o na primer evangeličanstvu in sem ugotovil, da je zelo obsežno in raznoliko gibanje, ki ga zelo težko posplošimo. Obstaja skupina, s katero sem se dobil, ki se imenuje Kristjani Rdečega Pisma in se osredotočajo na besed v Bibliji, obarvane rdeče, ki jih je izrekel Jezus. Tako so jih tiskali v starejših Biblijah. Njihov argument je, da Jezus nikoli ni govoril o homoseksualnosti. Imajo to brošuro na kateri piše: "Jezus je o homoseksualnosti rekel to," ko jo odpreš, ni napisano nič. Pravijo pa, da je Jezus veliko govoril o podpiranju izobčencev in pomaganju revnim. To me je zelo navdihnilo. Predlagam vam Jima Wallisa in Tonyja Campola. Oba sta zelo čudovita voditelja, čeprav se z marsičem, kar pravita, ne strinjam. 14:17 Prišel sem tudi do ugotovitve, upoštevaj kar je neracionalno. Ta je bila zelo nepričakovana, ker sem odraščal z znanstvenim pogledom na svet, in sem bil presenečen nad tem, kolikšen del mojega življenja je pod nadzorom iracionalnih sil. In v bistvu, če niso škodljive, potem jih ne smemo popolnoma zavreči. Naučil sem se -- med vsemi temi rituali, med temi bibličnimi rituali, ločevanjem volne in lanenega platna, sem vprašal vernike: "Zakaj bi Bog to zahteval od nas? Zakaj bi mu bilo mar za to?" In so mi odgovorili: "Ne vemo, toda ti rituali nam dajejo pomen." In se odzovem: "Ampak, to je noro." In mi odvrnejo: "Ja, kaj pa ti?" Ti na torti upihneš sveče. Če bi prišel nekdo z Marsa in videl nekega moškega, ki ugaša ogenj s sveč na torti in nekoga, ki nosi obleke iz mešanih vlaken. Kaj ne bi Marsovec rekel: "Ta, drugi, mi deluje normalen, prvi pa je zmešan." Zato sem mnenja, da so rituali že v osnovi iracionalni. Odločilno je torej, da izberem ustrezne rituale, ki niso škodljivi -- toda ritualov nasploh ne smemo zavračati. 15:48 In končno, naučil sem se tudi, da moraš biti izbirčen. Tega sem se naučil skozi poslanstvo, da bom sledil vsem kar je zapisano v Bibliji. In to neuspešno. Ker je nemogoče. Moraš biti izbirčen. In kdorkoli, ki se ravna po Bibliji, bo prebiral. Pomembno je, da izberemo prave dele. Obstaja izraz samopostrežna vera, ki ga fundamentalisti uporabljajo kot žaljivko. Tako rečejo: "Ah, to je samopostrežna vera, ker prebiraš." Toda, jaz pa pravim: "Kaj je narobe s samopostrežnimi restavracijami?" V nekaterih sem se že prav dobro najedel. Imel sem pa tudi obroke po katerih se mi je hrana dvigala. Moramo torej izbirati dele v Bibliji, ki govorijo o sočutju, toleranci, ljubezni do soseda, in ne delov, ki pravijo, da je homoseksualnost greh, kot tudi nestrpnost in nasilje, kar je tudi prisotno v Bibliji. Če želimo v tej knjigi najti pomen, potem se moramo v njo zakopati in se z njo spopasti. 16:55 Zaključil bom še z nekaj fotografijami. Tukaj berem Biblijo. Tako sem klical taksiste. (Smeh) Dejansko. In deluje! To ovco sem najel in sem jo zjutraj moral vrniti, toda mi je dobro služila. Kakorkoli, hvala za vašo pozornost.
English to Slovenian: Impossible photography General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting
Source text - English 00:03 I'm here to share my photography. Or is it photography? Because, of course, this is a photograph that you can't take with your camera. 00:14 Yet, my interest in photography started as I got my first digital camera at the age of 15. It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing, but it was a bit different, because using the camera, the process was in the planning instead. And when you take a photograph with a camera, the process ends when you press the trigger. So to me it felt like photography was more about being at the right place and the right time. I felt like anyone could do that. 00:45 So I wanted to create something different, something where the process starts when you press the trigger. Photos like this: construction going on along a busy road. But it has an unexpected twist. And despite that, it retains a level of realism. Or photos like these -- both dark and colorful, but all with a common goal of retaining the level of realism. When I say realism, I mean photo-realism. Because, of course, it's not something you can capture really, but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow as a photograph. Photos where you will need a brief moment to think to figure out the trick. So it's more about capturing an idea than about capturing a moment really. 01:39 But what's the trick that makes it look realistic? Is it something about the details or the colors? Is it something about the light? What creates the illusion? Sometimes the perspective is the illusion. But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface. It's not really what is realistic, it's what we think looks realistic really. 02:09 So I think the basics are quite simple. I just see it as a puzzle of reality where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together to create alternate reality. And let me show you a simple example. Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects, something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world. But combined in a certain way, they can create something that still looks three-dimensional, like it could exist. But at the same time, we know it can't. So we trick our brains, because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact that it doesn't really make sense. And I see the same process with combining photographs. It's just really about combining different realities. 03:00 So the things that make a photograph look realistic, I think it's the things that we don't even think about, the things all around us in our daily lives. But when combining photographs, this is really important to consider, because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow. So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow to achieve a realistic result. As you can see, these images aren't really special. But combined, they can create something like this. 03:35 So the first rule is that photos combined should have the same perspective. Secondly, photos combined should have the same type of light. And these two images both fulfill these two requirements -- shot at the same height and in the same type of light. The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish where the different images begin and end by making it seamless. Make it impossible to say how the image actually was composed. So by matching color, contrast and brightness in the borders between the different images, adding photographic defects like depth of field, desaturated colors and noise, we erase the borders between the different images and make it look like one single image, despite the fact that one image can contain hundreds of layers basically. 04:28 So here's another example. (Laughter) One might think that this is just an image of a landscape and the lower part is what's manipulated. But this image is actually entirely composed of photographs from different locations. I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place than to find a place, because then you don't need to compromise with the ideas in your head. But it does require a lot of planning. And getting this idea during winter, I knew that I had several months to plan it, to find the different locations for the pieces of the puzzle basically. So for example, the fish was captured on a fishing trip. The shores are from a different location. The underwater part was captured in a stone pit. And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red to make it look more Swedish. 05:22 So to achieve a realistic result, I think it comes down to planning. It always starts with a sketch, an idea. Then it's about combining the different photographs. And here every piece is very well planned. And if you do a good job capturing the photos, the result can be quite beautiful and also quite realistic. So all the tools are out there, and the only thing that limits us is our imagination. 05:57 Thank you. 05:59 (Applause)	Translation - Slovenian 00:03 Z vami bi rad delil svoje fotografije. Je to sploh fotografija? Navsezadnje je to fotografski posnetek, ki ga je nemogoče posneti s fotoaparatom. 00:14 Moje zanimanje za fotografijo se je vzbudilo pri petnajstih letih, ko sem v roke prijel svoj prvi digitalni fotoaparat. Združilo se je z mojo strastjo do risanja, ampak je bilo nekoliko drugače, ker se je pri uporabi fotoaparata proces skrival v načrtovanju. Ko s fotoaparatom zajameš posnetek, se proces konča takoj ko pritisneš na sprožilec. Zato sem vedno imel občutek, da fotografija zahteva, da se nahajaš na pravem mestu ob pravem času. Zdelo se mi je, da to zmore vsak. 00:45 Zato sem želel ustvariti nekaj drugačnega, nekaj, kjer se proces s pritiskom na sprožilec šele začne. Takšne fotografije: gradbišče ob prometni cesti, ki pa ima nepričakovan preobrat. Kljub temu ohrani neko stopnjo realističnosti. Ali pa takšne fotografije-- tako temne kot barvite. Toda vse imajo skupni cilj in obdržijo neko stopnjo realizma. Ko rečem realizem, imam v mislih fotorealizem. Ker to seveda ni nekaj kar lahko zares posnameš, toda vedno si želim, da bi fotografija izgledala pristna. Tako si moraš vzeti trenutek časa, da lahko razbereš iluzijo. Gre veliko bolj za zajemanje idej kot zajemanje trenutkov. 01:39 Toda s čim lahko dosežemo realistični učinek? Mogoče s podrobnostimi ali barvami? Ima svetloba kaj pri tem? Kaj ustvari to iluzijo? Včasih je iluzija perspektiva. Toda na koncu je vse stvar našega dojemanja sveta in kako ga lahko poustvarimo na dvodimenzionalni površini. Ni toliko pomembno, kaj je realistično, kot kaj mislimo, da je realistično. 02:09 Zdi se mi, da so osnove precej enostavne. Svet vidim kot sestavljanko resničnosti, kjer lahko vzamem različne dele resničnosti in jih sestavim v alternativno resničnost. Naj vam pokažem enostaven primer. Tukaj imamo tri povsem predstavljive fizične predmete, ki jih lahko povežemo s tridimenzionalnim svetom. Če pa jih združimo na določen način, se lahko združijo v nekaj, kar še vedno izgleda tridimenzionalno, kot bi lahko obstajalo. Toda obenem vemo, da ne more. Zato pretentamo svoje možgane, ker enostavno ne morejo sprejeti dejstva, da to ni smiselno. Jaz vidim enak proces pri združevanju fotografij. Gre le za združevanje različnih resničnosti. 03:00 Stvari, zaradi katerih izgleda fotografija realistična, so po mojem mnenju tiste, o katerih sploh ne razmišljamo. Stvari, ki so okrog nas v našem vsakdanu. Ampak ko združujemo fotografije, moramo o tem dobro premisliti, ker bo drugače vse skupaj izgledalo narobe. Zato bi rad izpostavil tri enostavna pravila, ki se mi zdijo pomembna, da lahko dosežemo realistični učinek. Kot lahko vidite, ta posnetka nista nič posebnega. Ampak ko ju združimo, lahko ustvarimo nekaj takšnega. 03:35 Prvo pravilo je torej, da morajo fotografije imeti enako perspektivo. Drugič, fotografije, ki jih združujemo, morajo biti enako osvetljene. Oba prikazana posnetka izpolnjujeta ta dva pogoja -- posneta sta bila na enaki višini in ob enaki svetlobi. Tretje pravilo pa zahteva, da morate odstraniti robove, po katerih se da razbrati kje se posnetki začnejo in kje končajo. Ne sme biti očitno kako je bila slika sestavljena. Torej usklajevanje barv, kontrasta in svetlobe ob robovih posameznih posnetkov, dodajanje fotografskih učinkov kot globinsko ostrino, razsičenje barv in šum, vse to pripomore k brisanju meja med različnimi posnetki in jih navidezno združi v eno sliko. Čeprav je ena slika sestavljena iz stotih slojev. 04:28 Tukaj je še en primer. (Smeh) Marsikdo bi si mislil, da je to samo posnetek pokrajine z obdelanim spodnjim delom. Toda slika je v bistvu v celoti sestavljena iz fotografij z različnih lokacij. Osebno se mi zdi, da je nek kraj lažje ustvariti kot pa ga najti, ker potem pri idejah ni potrebno ubirati srednje poti. Je pa potrebno veliko načrtovanja. Ker se mi je ta ideja porodila pozimi, sem imel več mesecev za načrtovanje in iskanje različnih lokacij. Torej za različne dele sestavljanke. Zato sem na primer to ribo fotografiral na ribiškem izletu. Nabrežja so z neke druge lokacije. Podvodni del sem posnel na kamnolomu. Hišo na otoku sem celo pobarval rdeče, da bi bila bolj švedska. 05:22 Pri doseganju realističnega učinka je na koncu vse odvisno od načrtovanja. Vedno se začne s skico, z idejo. Potem je potrebno še samo združiti različne fotografije. Tukaj je vsak del dobro načrtovan. Če se dobro odrežete že pri fotografiranju, bo končni izdelek zelo lep in tudi precej realističen. Vsa orodja so nam na voljo, omejuje nas le naša domišljija. 05:57 Hvala. 05:59 (Aplavz)
English to Slovenian: Moral behavior in animals General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Zoology
Source text - English 00:04 I was born in Den Bosch, where the painter Hieronymus Bosch named himself after. And I've always been very fond of this painter who lived and worked in the 15th century. And what is interesting about him in relation to morality is that he lived at a time where religion's influence was waning, and he was sort of wondering, I think, what would happen with society if there was no religion or if there was less religion. And so he painted this famous painting, "The Garden of Earthly Delights," which some have interpreted as being humanity before the Fall, or being humanity without any Fall at all. And so it makes you wonder, what would happen if we hadn't tasted the fruit of knowledge, so to speak, and what kind of morality would we have. 00:44 Much later, as a student, I went to a very different garden, a zoological garden in Arnhem where we keep chimpanzees. This is me at an early age with a baby chimpanzee. 00:55 (Laughter) 00:58 And I discovered there that the chimpanzees are very power-hungry and wrote a book about it. And at that time the focus in a lot of animal research was on aggression and competition. I painted a whole picture of the animal kingdom and humanity included, was that deep down we are competitors, we are aggressive, we are all out for our own profit, basically. This is the launch of my book. I'm not sure how well the chimpanzees read it, but they surely seemed interested in the book. 01:25 (Laughter) 01:28 Now in the process of doing all this work on power and dominance and aggression and so on, I discovered that chimpanzees reconcile after fights. And so what you see here is two males who have had a fight. They ended up in a tree, and one of them holds out a hand to the other. And about a second after I took the picture, they came together in the fork of the tree and kissed and embraced each other. 01:49 And this is very interesting because at the time, everything was about competition and aggression, so it wouldn't make any sense. The only thing that matters is that you win or you lose. But why reconcile after a fight? That doesn't make any sense. This is the way bonobos do it. Bonobos do everything with sex. And so they also reconcile with sex. But the principle is exactly the same. The principle is that you have a valuable relationship that is damaged by conflict, so you need to do something about it. So my whole picture of the animal kingdom, and including humans also, started to change at that time. 02:22 So we have this image in political science, economics, the humanities, the philosophy for that matter, that man is a wolf to man. And so deep down, our nature is actually nasty. I think it's a very unfair image for the wolf. The wolf is, after all, a very cooperative animal. And that's why many of you have a dog at home, which has all these characteristics also. And it's really unfair to humanity, because humanity is actually much more cooperative and empathic than given credit for. So I started getting interested in those issues and studying that in other animals. 02:56 So these are the pillars of morality. If you ask anyone, "What is morality based on?" these are the two factors that always come out. One is reciprocity, and associated with it is a sense of justice and a sense of fairness. And the other one is empathy and compassion. And human morality is more than this, but if you would remove these two pillars, there would be not much remaining, I think. So they're absolutely essential. 03:19 So let me give you a few examples here. This is a very old video from the Yerkes Primate Center, where they trained chimpanzees to cooperate. So this is already about a hundred years ago that we were doing experiments on cooperation. What you have here is two young chimpanzees who have a box, and the box is too heavy for one chimp to pull in. And of course, there's food on the box. Otherwise they wouldn't be pulling so hard. And so they're bringing in the box. And you can see that they're synchronized. You can see that they work together, they pull at the same moment. It's already a big advance over many other animals who wouldn't be able to do that. Now you're going to get a more interesting picture, because now one of the two chimps has been fed. So one of the two is not really interested in the task anymore. 04:05 (Laughter) 04:12 (Laughter) 04:23 (Laughter) 04:26 [- and sometimes appears to convey its wishes and meanings by gestures.] Now look at what happens at the very end of this. 04:44 (Laughter) 04:56 He takes basically everything. 04:57 (Laughter) 05:00 There are two interesting parts about this. One is that the chimp on the right has a full understanding he needs the partner -- so a full understanding of the need for cooperation. The second one is that the partner is willing to work even though he's not interested in the food. Why would that be? Well, that probably has to do with reciprocity. There's actually a lot of evidence in primates and other animals that they return favors. He will get a return favor at some point in the future. And so that's how this all operates. 05:27 We do the same task with elephants. Now, it's very dangerous to work with elephants. Another problem with elephants is that you cannot make an apparatus that is too heavy for a single elephant. Now you can probably make it, but it's going to be a pretty clumsy apparatus, I think. And so what we did in that case -- we do these studies in Thailand for Josh Plotnik -- is we have an apparatus around which there is a rope, a single rope. And if you pull on this side of the rope, the rope disappears on the other side. So two elephants need to pick it up at exactly the same time, and pull. Otherwise nothing is going to happen and the rope disappears. 06:00 The first tape you're going to see is two elephants who are released together arrive at the apparatus. The apparatus is on the left, with food on it. And so they come together, they arrive together, they pick it up together, and they pull together. So it's actually fairly simple for them. There they are. So that's how they bring it in. But now we're going to make it more difficult. Because the purpose of this experiment is to see how well they understand cooperation. Do they understand that as well as the chimps, for example? 06:39 What we do in the next step is we release one elephant before the other and that elephant needs to be smart enough to stay there and wait and not pull at the rope -- because if he pulls at the rope, it disappears and the whole test is over. Now this elephant does something illegal that we did not teach it. But it shows the understanding he has, because he puts his big foot on the rope, stands on the rope and waits there for the other, and then the other is going to do all the work for him. So it's what we call freeloading. 07:06 (Laughter) 07:09 But it shows the intelligence that the elephants have. They developed several of these alternative techniques that we did not approve of, necessarily. 07:16 (Laughter) 07:18 So the other elephant is now coming ... and is going to pull it in. Now look at the other; it doesn't forget to eat, of course. 07:45 (Laughter) 07:49 This was the cooperation and reciprocity part. 07:51 Now something on empathy. Empathy is my main topic at the moment, of research. And empathy has two qualities: One is the understanding part of it. This is just a regular definition: the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. And the emotional part. Empathy has basically two channels: One is the body channel, If you talk with a sad person, you're going to adopt a sad expression and a sad posture, and before you know it, you feel sad. And that's sort of the body channel of emotional empathy, which many animals have. Your average dog has that also. That's why people keep mammals in the home and not turtles or snakes or something like that, who don't have that kind of empathy. And then there's a cognitive channel, which is more that you can take the perspective of somebody else. And that's more limited. Very few animals, I think elephants and apes, can do that kind of thing. 08:40 So synchronization, which is part of that whole empathy mechanism, is a very old one in the animal kingdom. In humans, of course, we can study that with yawn contagion. Humans yawn when others yawn. And it's related to empathy. It activates the same areas in the brain. Also, we know that people who have a lot of yawn contagion are highly empathic. People who have problems with empathy, such as autistic children, they don't have yawn contagion. So it is connected. 09:04 And we study that in our chimpanzees by presenting them with an animated head. So that's what you see on the upper-left, an animated head that yawns. And there's a chimpanzee watching, an actual real chimpanzee watching a computer screen on which we play these animations. 09:24 (Laughter) 09:26 So yawn contagion that you're probably all familiar with -- and maybe you're going to start yawning soon now -- is something that we share with other animals. And that's related to that whole body channel of synchronization that underlies empathy, and that is universal in the mammals, basically. 09:43 We also study more complex expressions -- This is consolation. This is a male chimpanzee who has lost a fight and he's screaming, and a juvenile comes over and puts an arm around him and calms him down. That's consolation. It's very similar to human consolation. And consolation behavior -- 09:59 (Laughter) 10:00 it's empathy driven. Actually, the way to study empathy in human children is to instruct a family member to act distressed, and then to see what young children do. And so it is related to empathy, and that's the kind of expressions we look at. 10:13 We also recently published an experiment you may have heard about. It's on altruism and chimpanzees, where the question is: Do chimpanzees care about the welfare of somebody else? And for decades it had been assumed that only humans can do that, that only humans worry about the welfare of somebody else. Now we did a very simple experiment. We do that on chimpanzees that live in Lawrenceville, in the field station of Yerkes. And so that's how they live. And we call them into a room and do experiments with them. In this case, we put two chimpanzees side-by-side, and one has a bucket full of tokens, and the tokens have different meanings. One kind of token feeds only the partner who chooses, the other one feeds both of them. 10:53 So this is a study we did with Vicki Horner. And here, you have the two color tokens. So they have a whole bucket full of them. And they have to pick one of the two colors. You will see how that goes. So if this chimp makes the selfish choice, which is the red token in this case, he needs to give it to us, we pick it up, we put it on a table where there's two food rewards, but in this case, only the one on the right gets food. The one on the left walks away because she knows already that this is not a good test for her. Then the next one is the pro-social token. 11:28 So the one who makes the choices -- that's the interesting part here -- for the one who makes the choices, it doesn't really matter. So she gives us now a pro-social token and both chimps get fed. So the one who makes the choices always gets a reward. So it doesn't matter whatsoever. And she should actually be choosing blindly. But what we find is that they prefer the pro-social token. So this is the 50 percent line, that's the random expectation. And especially if the partner draws attention to itself, they choose more. 11:55 And if the partner puts pressure on them -- so if the partner starts spitting water and intimidating them -- then the choices go down. 12:02 (Laughter) 12:03 It's as if they're saying, "If you're not behaving, I'm not going to be pro-social today." And this is what happens without a partner, when there's no partner sitting there. So we found that the chimpanzees do care about the well-being of somebody else -- especially, these are other members of their own group. 12:19 So the final experiment that I want to mention to you is our fairness study. And so this became a very famous study. And there are now many more, because after we did this about 10 years ago, it became very well-known. And we did that originally with capuchin monkeys. And I'm going to show you the first experiment that we did. It has now been done with dogs and with birds and with chimpanzees. But with Sarah Brosnan, we started out with capuchin monkeys. 12:47 So what we did is we put two capuchin monkeys side-by-side. Again, these animals, live in a group, they know each other. We take them out of the group, put them in a test chamber. And there's a very simple task that they need to do. And if you give both of them cucumber for the task, the two monkeys side-by-side, they're perfectly willing to do this 25 times in a row. So cucumber, even though it's only really water in my opinion, but cucumber is perfectly fine for them. Now if you give the partner grapes -- the food preferences of my capuchin monkeys correspond exactly with the prices in the supermarket -- and so if you give them grapes -- it's a far better food -- then you create inequity between them. So that's the experiment we did. 13:30 Recently, we videotaped it with new monkeys who'd never done the task, thinking that maybe they would have a stronger reaction, and that turned out to be right. The one on the left is the monkey who gets cucumber. The one on the right is the one who gets grapes. The one who gets cucumber -- note that the first piece of cucumber is perfectly fine. The first piece she eats. Then she sees the other one getting grape, and you will see what happens. So she gives a rock to us. That's the task. And we give her a piece of cucumber and she eats it. The other one needs to give a rock to us. And that's what she does. And she gets a grape ... and eats it. The other one sees that. She gives a rock to us now, gets, again, cucumber. 14:15 (Laughter) 14:29 (Laughter ends) 14:31 She tests a rock now against the wall. She needs to give it to us. And she gets cucumber again. 14:40 (Laughter) 14:47 So this is basically the Wall Street protest that you see here. 14:51 (Laughter) 14:53 (Applause) 14:57 I still have two minutes left -- let me tell you a funny story about this. This study became very famous and we got a lot of comments, especially anthropologists, economists, philosophers. They didn't like this at all. Because they had decided in their minds, I believe, that fairness is a very complex issue, and that animals cannot have it. And so one philosopher even wrote us that it was impossible that monkeys had a sense of fairness because fairness was invented during the French Revolution. 15:25 (Laughter) 15:28 And another one wrote a whole chapter saying that he would believe it had something to do with fairness, if the one who got grapes would refuse the grapes. Now the funny thing is that Sarah Brosnan, who's been doing this with chimpanzees, had a couple of combinations of chimpanzees where, indeed, the one who would get the grape would refuse the grape until the other guy also got a grape. So we're getting very close to the human sense of fairness. And I think philosophers need to rethink their philosophy for a while. 15:55 So let me summarize. I believe there's an evolved morality. I think morality is much more than what I've been talking about, but it would be impossible without these ingredients that we find in other primates, which are empathy and consolation, pro-social tendencies and reciprocity and a sense of fairness. And so we work on these particular issues to see if we can create a morality from the bottom up, so to speak, without necessarily god and religion involved, and to see how we can get to an evolved morality. 16:22 And I thank you for your attention. 16:24 (Applause)	Translation - Slovenian 00:03 Rodil sem se v mestu Den Bosch po katerem se je poimenoval slikar Hieronymus Bosch. Zato mi je bil ta slikar, ki je živel in deloval v 15. stoletju, zelo pri srcu. Pri njem mi je v povezavi z moralnostjo še posebej zanimivo, da je živel v času pojemanja vpliva vere in se je najbrž spraševal, kaj bi se z družbo zgodilo, če religije ne bi bilo ali če bi je bilo manj. Zato je naslikal znameniti "Vrt zemeljskih naslad," v katerem so nekateri videli človeštvo pred Propadom ali človeštvo brez vsakršnega Propada. Zato se včasih zamisliš, kaj bi se zgodilo, če tako rekoč ne bi nikoli okusili sadeža znanja, in kakšno moralo bi potem imeli? 00:43 Mnogo kasneje sem kot študent obiskal zelo drugačen vrt. Bil je živalski vrt v Arnhemu, kjer skrbimo za šimpanze. Tukaj me lahko vidite v mladih letih skupaj z majhnim šimpanzom. (Smeh) Tam sem ugotovil, da so šimpanzi zelo oblastiželjni in sem o tem tudi napisal knjigo. Takrat so se raziskave o živalih močno osredotočale na agresijo in tekmovalnost. Celotna slika, ki sem si jo narisal o živalskem kraljestvu, vključno s človeštvom, je prikazovala, da smo globoko v sebi tekmeci. Agresivni smo, vedno iščemo priložnost, da bi se okoristili. To je izdaja moje knjige. Nisem prepričan, kako je šimpanzom šlo pri branju, vendar izgleda, da jim je bila knjiga zelo zanimiva. 01:27 Med raziskovanjem moči, dominance in agresije in tako dalje, sem opazil, da se šimpanzi po prepirih pobotajo. Tukaj lahko vidite dva samca po prepiru. Končala sta na drevesu in eden od njiju ima k drugemu iztegnjeno roko. Takoj zatem, ko sem naredil posnetek, sta se srečala pri razcepu drevesa, nakar sta se poljubila in objela. 01:47 To je zelo zanimivo, ker se je takrat vse vrtelo okrog tekmovalnosti in agresije in kaj takšnega ni bilo preveč smiselno. Pomembno je le ali zmagaš ali zgubiš. Toda zakaj bi se po prepiru zopet spoprijateljil? To je popolnoma sprto z logiko. Tako to počnejo bonobi, ki vse dosežejo prek seksa. Zato se tudi spoprijateljijo s seksom. Toda princip ostane enak. Po principu imamo pomembno razmerje, ki ga poškoduje konflikt, in moraš glede tega nekaj storiti. Takrat se je začela moja celotna slika živalskega kraljestva in človeštva začela spreminjati. 02:21 Tako imamo znotraj politologije, ekonomije, družboslovja in filozofije to idejo, da je človek človeku volk. Zato je globoko v nas naša narava prav nizkotna. Sem mnenja, da je to precej nepošteno do volka. Volk je navsezadnje zelo sodelovalna žival. Zato imate tudi mnogi doma psa, ki ima zelo podobne lastnosti. Je pa tudi zelo nepošteno do človeštva, ker je človeštvo veliko bolj sodelovalno in sočutno kot želimo priznati. Zato sem se začel zanimati za te zadeve in sem jih začel raziskovati pri drugih živalih. 02:55 To sta stebra morale. Če bi nekoga vprašali: "Na čem temelji morala?", bi vedno na koncu prišli do teh dveh dejavnikov. Eden je vzajemnost, ki ga povezujemo z občutkom za pravico in občutkom za pravičnost. Drugi dejavnik pa je empatija in sočutje. Človeška moralnost je veliko več kot to. Toda če bi ta dva stebra odstranili, se mi zdi, da ne bi ostalo prav veliko. Zato sta bistvenega pomena. 03:19 Naj vam dam par primerov. To je zelo star posnetek raziskovalnega centra Yerkes Primate Center, kjer učijo šimpanze sodelovanja. Torej smo že pred skoraj sto leti izvajali poskuse o sodelovanju. Tukaj imamo dva mlada šimpanza in škatlo, ki je pretežka, da bi jo lahko k sebi potegnil en sam šimpanz. Seveda je na škatli hrana, drugače se ne bi tako zelo trudila. In tako vlečeta škatlo k sebi. Kot lahko vidite, sta sinhronizirana. Vidite lahko tudi, da sodelujeta in vlečeta istočasno. Že to je velik nepredek pred drugimi živalskimi vrstami, ki tega niso zmožne. Zdaj pa boste videli nekaj še bolj zanimivega, ker je eden od šimpanzov že bil nahranjen. Enemu od njiju zato naloga ni več tako pomembna. (Smeh) (Smeh) (Smeh) Poglejte, kaj se zgodi na koncu. (Smeh) Pojé enostavno vse. 04:57 (Smeh) 05:00 Ta prizor lahko razdelimo na dva dela. Prvi je ta, da se šimpanz na desni popolnoma zaveda, da potrebuje partnerja -- torej zavedanje potrebe po sodelovanju. Drugi del pa je, da je partner pripravljen pomagati, čeprav ga hrana ne zanima. Zakaj je to tako? Najverjetneje gre za vzajemnost. Imamo že veliko dokazov, da si primati in ostale živali vračajo usluge. Torej bo njemu usluga nekoč v prihodnosti tudi povrnjena. In tako vse to deluje. 05:26 Enako nalogo smo dali slonom. Delo s sloni je lahko zelo nevarno. Drug problem pri slonih pa je, da ni možno narediti naprave, ki bi bila za enega slona pretežka. No, najbrž jo je možno narediti, ampak se mi zdi, da naprava ne bi bila zelo stabilna. Zato smo v tem primeru -- te študije opravljamo na Tajskem z Joshem Plotnikom -- sestavili smo napravo, okrog katere je navita ena sama vrv. Če vrv potegneš na enem koncu, bo konec na drugi strani izginil. Zato jo morata slona zagrabiti ob istem času in jo potegniti k sebi skupaj. Drugače se ne bi zgodilo nič in bi vrv izginila. 06:00 Na prvem posnetku boste videli dva slona, ki smo ju spustili istočasno in se približata napravi. Naprava je na levi strani in na njej je hrana. Tako odideta skupaj, skupaj prispeta, skupaj vrv dvigneta in jo skupaj potegneta. To je zanju v bistvu precej enostavno. Tukaj ju imamo. In tako jo potegneta k sebi. Zdaj pa bomo dvignili zahtevnost. Celoten namen poskusa je odkriti, do kolikšne mere sta sposobna razumevati sodelovanje. Torej, ali sta na primer zmožna istega razumevanja kot šimpanzi? 06:38 Zato smo v naslednjem koraku spustili prvo enega in potem drugega slona. Prvi slon mora biti dovolj pameten, da se bo ustavil, počakal in ne bo potegnil vrvi -- če vrv potegne, bo ta izginila in se test s tem konča. Toda ta slon krši pravila igre, nekaj kar ga nismo naučili. Vendar pokaže, da se je nečesa le naučil, saj s svojo veliko nogo stopi na vrv, na njej stoji in počaka na drugega slona. Tako bo drugi slon opravil vso delo namesto njega. Tako rekoč živi na njegov račun. (Smeh) Vendar vseeno pokaže, kako inteligentni so sloni. Zmožni so razviti te dodatne spretnosti, ki jih načeloma nismo dovolili. Zdaj že prihaja drugi slon in bo sedaj napravo potegnil k sebi. Zdaj pa poglejte še drugega. Seveda ne pozabi na hrano. (Smeh) To je bilo sodelovanje, vzajemnostni del. 07:50 Zdaj pa še empatija. Empatija je trenutno v raziskavah glavna tema in ima na nek način dve lastnosti. Ena je razumevanje. To je zgolj osnovna definicija: sposobnost razumevanja in deljenja čustev z drugimi. Imamo pa še čustveni del. Empatija tako deluje na dveh kanalih. 08:05 Eden je kanal telesa. Če se pogovarjamo z žalostno osebo, bomo prevzeli žalosten izraz in žalostno držo in se bomo slej kot prej tudi počutili žalostno. To je nekakšen telesni kanal čustvene empatije, ki jo imajo mnoge živali. Najdemo jo tudi pri psih. Zato imajo ljudje doma rajši sesalce namesto želv, kač ali česa podobnega, ki niso zmožni tovrstne empatije. Drugi kanal pa je kognitivni, zaradi katerega smo zmožni prevzeti perspektivo nekoga drugega. To je zelo omejeno. Zelo malo živali -- mislim, da so tega sposobni sloni in človeku podobne opice -- toda zelo malo živali je tega sposobnih. 08:38 Torej sinhronizacija, ki je del celotnega mehanizma empatije, je v živalskem kraljsetvu prisotna že zelo dolgo. Pri ljudeh lahko to proučujemo z nalezovanjem zehanja. Človek zazeha, ko zazehajo drugi, kar je povezano z empatijo. Signali prihajajo iz istih delov možganov. Vemo tudi, da so ljudje, ki se zelo hitro nalezejo zehanja, zelo empatični. Ljudje, ki imajo z empatijo težave, na primer avtistični otroci, se zehanja ne nalezejo. Vse je torej povezano. 09:04 Pri naših šimpanzih to proučujemo tako, da jim predvajamo animirano glavo. Torej v zgornjem levem kotu lahko vidite animirano glavo, ki zeha. Animacijo pa gleda šimpanz, pravi živi šimpanz si ogleduje animacije na računalniškem zaslonu. (Smeh) Nalezljivost zehanja, ki jo najbrž vsi poznate -- mogoče boste tudi vi začeli kmalu zehati -- je nekaj, kar si delimo z ostalimi živalmi. Povezana je tudi s celotnim telesnim kanalom sinhronizacije, ki tvori osnovo empatije in je praktično prisoten pri vseh sesalcih. 09:43 Proučujemo tudi nekoliko bolj zapletene izraze. To je tolažba. Ta samec je izgubil v boju in kriči. Do njega stopi mlajši šimpanz in ovije okrog njega roko, da bi ga pomiril. To je tolažba in je zelo podobna človeški tolažbi. Tolažba je uravnavana s strani empatije. Pri človeških otrocih empatijo proučujemo s pomočjo družinskih članov, ki hlinijo žalost in potem opazujemo odziv otrok. Zato je povezana z empatijo in takšne odzive proučujemo. 10:13 Pred kratkim smo objavili poskus, za katerega ste morda že slišali. Bil je poskus o nesebičnosti in šimpanzih pri kateremu smo si postavili vprašanje, ali je šimpanzom mar za dobrobit drugih? Več desetletij smo predvidevali, da so tega zmožni samo ljudje, da bi se samo človek bal za dobrobit nekoga drugega. Opravili smo zelo enostaven poskus. Izvedli smo ga na šimpanzih v Lawrencevillu, na Yerkesovi terenski postaji. Tako živijo. Pokličemo jih v sobo in z njimi opravljamo poskuse. Tukaj smo imeli dva šimpanza enega ob drugem. Eden od njiju ima vedro polno žetonov, ki imajo različne pomene. Prva vrsta žetonov nahrani samo sodelujočega, ki izbira, druga vrsta nahrani oba. 10:52 To je raziskava, ki smo jo opravili z Vicky Horner. To so različno obarvani žetoni. Imata jih polno vedro. Izbrati morata eno od obeh barv. Videli boste, kako to poteka. Ta šimpanz torej sprejme sebično odločitev, v tem primeru je to rdeč žeton, ki ga mora dati nam. Vzamemo ga, in ga položimo na mizo, kjer sta dve nagradi v obliki hrane, vendar v tem primeru dobi hrano samo tisti na desni. Tista na levi odide, ker že ve, da ta poskus ni njej v prid. Naslednji bo prosocialen žeton. 11:27 Torej tisti, ki izbira -- in zdaj prihaja zanimiv del -- za tistega, ki izbira, je v bistvu vseeno. Zdaj nam da prosocialen žeton in zato oba šimpanza dobita hrano. Tisti, ki izbira, je torej vedno nagrajen. Zato je povsem vseeno. Lahko bi izbirala na slepo. Vendar smo odkrili, da raje izberejo prosocialne žetone. Črta na 50 odstotkih označuje pričakovane naključne izbire. Če bo drugi sodelujoči nase pritegoval pozornost, bo izbir več. 11:54 Če pa sodelujoči pritiska na drugega -- če bo na primer pljuval vodo ali začel z ustrahovanjem -- v tem primeru izbire upadejo. Kot bi želel povedati: "Če ne boš priden, potem danes ne bom prosocialen." To pa se zgodi, če je sam, če ni še enega udeleženca. Tako smo odkrili, da šimpanze skrbi za dobrobit nekoga drugega -- še posebej, če se gre za ostale člane njihove skupine. 12:18 Zadnji poskus, ki sem ga želel omeniti, je naša raziskava poštenosti. Ta raziskava je zelo slavna. Danes jih je veliko več, ker smo jo opravili pred približno desetimi leti in je pozneje postala zelo znana. Prvotno smo ga izvajali na kapucinkah. Pokazal vam bom naš prvi poskus. Do sedaj je že bil opravljen na psih, ptičih in šimpanzih. Toda z Sarah Brosnan smo začeli s kapucinkami. 12:46 To smo naredili tako, da smo dve kapucinki postavili eno ob drugo. Naj vas opomnim, da ti živali živita v skupini in se poznata. Vzeli smo ju iz skupine in ju postavili v poskusno sobo. Opraviti morata zelo enostavno nalogo. Če za to nalogo daš kumarico obema opicama, ki sta ena ob drugi, bosta nalogo z veseljem opravili 25-krat zaporedoma. Torej kumarica, ki je po mojem mnenju samo voda, je za njiju povsem v redu. Če pa ena opica dobi grozdno jagodo -- naklonjenost do hrane mojih kapucink ustrezajo cenam v trgovinah -- če ji torej damo grozdno jagodo -- mnogo boljšo hrano -- potem med njima ustvariš neenakost. To je bil naš poskus. 13:29 Nedolgo nazaj smo posneli opice, ki te naloge še niso opravljale, v upanju, da bo odziv nekoliko močnejši. Bila je prava odločitev. Opica na levi bo dobila kumarico. Tista na desni pa bo dobila grozdno jagodo. Tista, ki dobi kumarico -- videli boste, da s prvim kosom kumarice ni povsem nič narobe. Prvi kos bo pojedla. Bodite pozorni, kaj se zgodi, ko opazi, da druga dobi grozdno jagodo. Prvo nam da kamen. To je naloga. Zato ji damo kos kumarice in jo pojé. Zdaj nam mora dati kamen še druga. To tudi naredi. Zato dobi jagodo in jo pojé. Druga opica to vidi. Da nam kamen in zopet dobi kumarico. (Smeh) Sedaj preveri kamen z udarcem ob zid. Mora nam ga dati. In zopet dobi kumarico. (Smeh) V bistvu lahko tukaj vidimo protest na Wall Streetu. 14:50 (Smeh) 14:53 (Aplavz) 14:56 Naj vam povem -- ostali sta mi še dve minutki in bi vam povedal anekdoto o raziskavi. Ta raziskava je postala zelo slavna in smo prejeli veliko pripomb, še posebej s strani antropologov, ekonomistov, filozofov. Niti najmanj jim ni bil všeč. Zdi se mi, da so se preprosto odločili, da je pravičnost zelo zapleten problem, in je živali niso zmožne. Tako nam je nek filozof napisal, da občutek za pravičnost pri opicah preprosto ni mogoč, ker so pravičnost izumili med francosko revolucijo. (Smeh) 15:27 Nekdo drug nam je napisal celoten sestavek, da bi nam verjel, da je poskus povezan s pravičnostjo le, če bi opica, ki je dobila jagodo, jagodo zavrnila. Smešno pa je to, da je Sarah Brosnan, ki je ta poskus izvajala na šimpanzih, naletela na par kombinacij šimpanzov, pri katerih tisti, ki naj bi jagodo dobil, je ni želel pojesti dokler je ni dobil tudi drugi. Torej smo že zelo blizu človeškemu dojemanju pravičnosti. Mislim, da bi filozofi morali malo razmisliti o svoji filozofiji. 15:54 Naj povzamem. Sem mnenja, da obstaja razvita moralnost. Mislim, da se za moralnostjo skriva veliko več kot to, o čemer smo se pogovarjali. Vendar to bi bilo nemogoče brez sestavin, ki jih najdemo pri ostalih primatih, to so empatija in tolažba, nagnjenja k prosocialnosti in vzajemnost ter smisel za pravičnost. S temi določenimi problemi se ukvarjamo, da lahko vidimo, če je moralnost tako rekoč možno ustvariti od začetka, brez potrebnega vmešavanja Boga in vere. Želimo videti, kako lahko mi dosežemo razvito moralnost. 16:21 Hvala za vašo pozornost. 16:24 (Aplavz)
English to Slovenian: What is the Internet, really? General field: Science Detailed field: Internet, e-Commerce
Source text - English 00:04 I've always written primarily about architecture, about buildings, and writing about architecture is based on certain assumptions. An architect designs a building, and it becomes a place, or many architects design many buildings, and it becomes a city, and regardless of this complicated mix of forces of politics and culture and economics that shapes these places, at the end of the day, you can go and you can visit them. You can walk around them. You can smell them. You can get a feel for them. You can experience their sense of place. 00:33 But what was striking to me over the last several years was that less and less was I going out into the world, and more and more, I was sitting in front of my computer screen. And especially since about 2007, when I got an iPhone, I was not only sitting in front of my screen all day, but I was also getting up at the end of the day and looking at this little screen that I carried in my pocket. And what was surprising to me was how quickly my relationship to the physical world had changed. In this very short period of time, you know, whether you call it the last 15 years or so of being online, or the last, you know, four or five years of being online all the time, our relationship to our surroundings had changed in that our attention is constantly divided. You know, we're both looking inside the screens and we're looking out in the world around us. 01:16 And what was even more striking to me, and what I really got hung up on, was that the world inside the screen seemed to have no physical reality of its own. If you went and looked for images of the Internet, this was all that you found, this famous image by Opte of the Internet as the kind of Milky Way, this infinite expanse where we don't seem to be anywhere on it. We can never seem to grasp it in its totality. It's always reminded me of the Apollo image of the Earth, the blue marble picture, and it's similarly meant to suggest, I think, that we can't really understand it as a whole. We're always sort of small in the face of its expanse. 01:52 So if there was this world and this screen, and if there was the physical world around me, I couldn't ever get them together in the same place. 02:01 And then this happened. My Internet broke one day, as it occasionally does, and the cable guy came to fix it, and he started with the dusty clump of cables behind the couch, and he followed it to the front of my building and into the basement and out to the back yard, and there was this big jumble of cables against the wall. And then he saw a squirrel running along the wire, and he said, "There's your problem. A squirrel is chewing on your Internet." (Laughter) And this seemed astounding. The Internet is a transcendent idea. It's a set of protocols that has changed everything from shopping to dating to revolutions. It was unequivocally not something a squirrel could chew on. (Laughter) But that in fact seemed to be the case. A squirrel had in fact chewed on my Internet. (Laughter) And then I got this image in my head of what would happen if you yanked the wire from the wall and if you started to follow it. Where would it go? Was the Internet actually a place that you could visit? Could I go there? Who would I meet? You know, was there something actually out there? 03:03 And the answer, by all accounts, was no. This was the Internet, this black box with a red light on it, as represented in the sitcom "The IT Crowd." Normally it lives on the top of Big Ben, because that's where you get the best reception, but they had negotiated that their colleague could borrow it for the afternoon to use in an office presentation. The elders of the Internet were willing to part with it for a short while, and she looks at it and she says, "This is the Internet? The whole Internet? Is it heavy?" They say, "Of course not, the Internet doesn't weigh anything." 03:38 And I was embarrassed. I was looking for this thing that only fools seem to look for. The Internet was that amorphous blob, or it was a silly black box with a blinking red light on it. It wasn't a real world out there. 03:50 But, in fact, it is. There is a real world of the Internet out there, and that's what I spent about two years visiting, these places of the Internet. I was in large data centers that use as much power as the cities in which they sit, and I visited places like this, 60 Hudson Street in New York, which is one of the buildings in the world, one of a very short list of buildings, about a dozen buildings, where more networks of the Internet connect to each other than anywhere else. And that connection is an unequivocally physical process. It's about the router of one network, a Facebook or a Google or a B.T. or a Comcast or a Time Warner, whatever it is, connecting with usually a yellow fiber optic cable up into the ceiling and down into the router of another network, and that's unequivocally physical, and it's surprisingly intimate. A building like 60 Hudson, and a dozen or so others, has 10 times more networks connecting within it than the next tier of buildings. There's a very short list of these places. And 60 Hudson in particular is interesting because it's home to about a half a dozen very important networks, which are the networks which serve the undersea cables that travel underneath the ocean that connect Europe and America and connect all of us. And it's those cables in particular that I want to focus on. 04:56 If the Internet is a global phenomenon, if we live in a global village, it's because there are cables underneath the ocean, cables like this. And in this dimension, they are incredibly small. You can you hold them in your hand. They're like a garden hose. But in the other dimension they are incredibly expansive, as expansive as you can imagine. They stretch across the ocean. They're three or five or eight thousand miles in length, and if the material science and the computational technology is incredibly complicated, the basic physical process is shockingly simple. Light goes in on one end of the ocean and comes out on the other, and it usually comes from a building called a landing station that's often tucked away inconspicuously in a little seaside neighborhood, and there are amplifiers that sit on the ocean floor that look kind of like bluefin tuna, and every 50 miles they amplify the signal, and since the rate of transmission is incredibly fast, the basic unit is a 10-gigabit-per-second wavelength of light, maybe a thousand times your own connection, or capable of carrying 10,000 video streams, but not only that, but you'll put not just one wavelength of light through one of the fibers, but you'll put maybe 50 or 60 or 70 different wavelengths or colors of light through a single fiber, and then you'll have maybe eight fibers in a cable, four going in each direction. And they're tiny. They're the thickness of a hair. 06:16 And then they connect to the continent somewhere. They connect in a manhole like this. Literally, this is where the 5,000-mile cable plugs in. This is in Halifax, a cable that stretches from Halifax to Ireland. And the landscape is changing. Three years ago, when I started thinking about this, there was one cable down the Western coast of Africa, represented in this map by Steve Song as that thin black line. Now there are six cables and more coming, three down each coast. Because once a country gets plugged in by one cable, they realize that it's not enough. If they're going to build an industry around it, they need to know that their connection isn't tenuous but permanent, because if a cable breaks, you have to send a ship out into the water, throw a grappling hook over the side, pick it up, find the other end, and then fuse the two ends back together and then dump it over. It's an intensely, intensely physical process. 07:06 So this is my friend Simon Cooper, who until very recently worked for Tata Communications, the communications wing of Tata, the big Indian industrial conglomerate. And I've never met him. We've only communicated via this telepresence system, which always makes me think of him as the man inside the Internet. (Laughter) And he is English. The undersea cable industry is dominated by Englishmen, and they all seem to be 42. (Laughter) Because they all started at the same time with the boom about 20 years ago. And Tata had gotten its start as a communications business when they bought two cables, one across the Atlantic and one across the Pacific, and proceeded to add pieces onto them, until they had built a belt around the world, which means they will send your bits to the East or the West. They have -- this is literally a beam of light around the world, and if a cable breaks in the Pacific, it'll send it around the other direction. And then having done that, they started to look for places to wire next. They looked for the unwired places, and that's meant North and South, primarily these cables to Africa. But what amazes me is Simon's incredible geographic imagination. He thinks about the world with this incredible expansiveness. 08:17 And I was particularly interested because I wanted to see one of these cables being built. See, you know, all the time online we experience these fleeting moments of connection, these sort of brief adjacencies, a tweet or a Facebook post or an email, and it seemed like there was a physical corollary to that. It seemed like there was a moment when the continent was being plugged in, and I wanted to see that. And Simon was working on a new cable, WACS, the West Africa Cable System, that stretched from Lisbon down the west coast of Africa, to Cote d'Ivoire, to Ghana, to Nigeria, to Cameroon. And he said there was coming soon, depending on the weather, but he'd let me know when, and so with about four days notice, he said to go to this beach south of Lisbon, and a little after 9, this guy will walk out of the water. (Laughter) And he'll be carrying a green nylon line, a lightweight line, called a messenger line, and that was the first link between sea and land, this link that would then be leveraged into this 9,000-mile path of light. Then a bulldozer began to pull the cable in from this specialized cable landing ship, and it was floated on these buoys until it was in the right place. Then you can see the English engineers looking on. And then, once it was in the right place, he got back in the water holding a big knife, and he cut each buoy off, and the buoy popped up into the air, and the cable dropped to the sea floor, and he did that all the way out to the ship, and when he got there, they gave him a glass of juice and a cookie, and then he jumped back in, and he swam back to shore, and then he lit a cigarette. (Laughter) 09:50 And then once that cable was on shore, they began to prepare to connect it to the other side, for the cable that had been brought down from the landing station. And first they got it with a hacksaw, and then they start sort of shaving away at this plastic interior with a -- sort of working like chefs, and then finally they're working like jewelers to get these hair-thin fibers to line up with the cable that had come down, and with this hole-punch machine they fuse it together. And when you see these guys going at this cable with a hacksaw, you stop thinking about the Internet as a cloud. It starts to seem like an incredibly physical thing. And what surprised me as well was that as much as this is based on the most sophisticated technology, as much as this is an incredibly new thing, the physical process itself has been around for a long time, and the culture is the same. You see the local laborers. You see the English engineer giving directions in the background. And more importantly, the places are the same. These cables still connect these classic port cities, places like Lisbon, Mombasa, Mumbai, Singapore, New York. 10:50 And then the process on shore takes around three or four days, and then, when it's done, they put the manhole cover back on top, and they push the sand over that, and we all forget about it. 11:05 And it seems to me that we talk a lot about the cloud, but every time we put something on the cloud, we give up some responsibility for it. We are less connected to it. We let other people worry about it. And that doesn't seem right. There's a great Neal Stephenson line where he says that wired people should know something about wires. And we should know, I think, we should know where our Internet comes from, and we should know what it is that physically, physically connects us all. Thank you. (Applause) (Applause) Thanks. (Applause)	Translation - Slovenian 00:04 Vedno sem pisal o arhitekturi, o zgradbah, in pisanje o arhitekturi temelji na določenih domnevah. Arhitekt ustvari zasnuje stavbo, ki se razvije v prostor, več arhitektov pa zasnuje več stavb, ki se razvijejo v mesto. In kljub tej zapleteni mešanici sil politike, kulture in ekonomije, ki te kraje ustvarijo, jih lahko ob koncu dneva mirno obiščemo. Lahko se po njih sprehodimo. Lahko jih vdihnemo. Lahko jih občutimo. Lahko izkusimo njihov obstoj kot kraj. Toda v zadnjih nekaj letih me je osupnilo to, da sem se vedno manj podajal v svet in se vedno bolj pogosto znašel pred računalniškim zaslonom. Še bolj pogosto pa od leta 2007, ko sem kupil svoj iPhone, in nisem cele dneve le posedal pred zaslonom, toda sem ob koncu dneva tudi gledal v ta majhen zaslon, ki sem ga imel v žepu. Presenetilo me je, kako hitro se je spremenil moj odnos do fizičnega sveta. V tem zelo kratkem času, naj bo to zadnjih 15 let, ki jih preživljamo na spletu, ali pa zadnjih štiri, pet let, ko je splet del našega vsakdana, se je naš odnos do okolja spremenil v razdvojenost naše pozornosti. Obenem gledamo v ekrane in opazujemo svet okrog nas. Še bolj pa me je osupnilo in mi tudi ni dalo miru to, da mi je svet znotraj zaslona dal vtis, da je brez lastne fizične resničnosti. Če si želel poiskati slike interneta, je to vse kar si našel, to slavno Optejevo sliko interneta kot neke vrste Rimska cesta, ki se razprostira v neskončnost in se ne najdemo nikjer znotraj nje. Nikoli je ne zmoremo dojeti v celoti. Mene vedno spominja na sliko Zemlje, ki jo je posnel Apollo, slika modre frnikole. Zdi se mi, da na podoben način namiguje. da je ne moremo v razumeti v celoti. Vedno smo majhni navkljub njeni razsežnosti. Če bi torej imel ta zaslonski svet in okrog sebe fizični svet, ju ne bi nikoli uspel združiti na enem mestu. In potem se je zgodilo to. Kot se občasno zgodi, sem nekega dne izgubil internetno povezavo, prišel jo je popraviti serviser, ki je začel s prašno kepo kablov za kavčem, sledil ji je pred hišo, v klet in ven na dvorišče, kjer je našel zmešnjavo kablov ob steni. In potem je zagledal veverico, ki je tekla ob žici, in mi je dejal, tukaj je vaš problem. Veverica žveči vaš internet. (Smeh) To se mi je zdelo osupljivo. Internet je transcendentna zamisel. Je serija protokolov, ki je spremenila vse od nakupovanja do zmenkov in revolucij. Zatrdno ni nekaj, kar bi bila veverica zmožna prežvečiti. (Smeh) Toda kljub temu je prišlo do tega. Veverica je nedvomno prežvečila moj internet. (Smeh) Potem pa sem si začel predstavljati kaj bi se zgodilo, če bi potegnil žico iz stene in ji začel slediti. Kam bi vodila? Je internet kraj, ki ga lahko obiščeš? Lahko pridem do njega? Koga bi srečal? Je tam sploh možno kaj najti? In v vseh pogledih je bil odgovor ne. Internet je bil to, ta črna škatlica z rdečo lučko. Kot je bila prikazana v TV seriji "Računalničarji." Ponavadi se nahaja na vrhu Big Bena, ker je tam možno dobiti najboljši signal. Toda dogovorili so se, da si jo sodelavka lahko sposodi za popoldansko predavanje. Starešine interneta so se bili od naprave pripravljeni ločiti za kratek čas. Ona škatlico pogleda in reče, to je internet? Celoten internet? Je težek? Odgovorijo ji, seveda ne, internet je brez teže. Postalo me je sram. Iskal sem to stvar, ki jo očitno iščejo le bedaki. Internet je bila tista brezoblična packa, ali pa hecna črna škatla z utripajočo rdečo lučko. Ni bil del resničnega sveta. Toda, v bistvu je. Resnični svet interneta zagotovo obstaja, svet, ki sem ga zadnji dve leti obiskoval, te kraje interneta. Obiskal sem velike podatkovne centre, ki porabijo enako količino energije kot mesta v katerih se nahajajo. Obiskal sem tudi takšne kraje, stavbo na Hudson Street 60 v New Yorku, ki je ena izmed tistih na svetu, na zelo kratkem seznamu stavb, približno dvanajst jih je, kjer je med seboj povezanih več omrežij interneta kot kjerkoli drugje. Ta povezava je zatrdno fizična. Gre za usmerjevalnik enega omrežja, naj bo to Facebook ali Google, B.T., Comcast ali Time Warner, karkoli, ki je ponavadi povezan z rumenim kablom iz optičnih vlaken skozi strop v nek drug usmerjevalnik nekega drugega omrežja. To je nedvomno fizična povezava in je presenetljivo podrobna. Stavba na Hudsonovi cesti in približno 12 ostalih stavb je povezana z desetkrat več omrežji kot stavbe druge stopnje. Seznam takšnih krajev je zelo kratek. Stavba na Hudsonovi cesti je še posebej zanimiva, saj se tam nahaja približno šest zelo pomembnih omrežij. To so omrežja, ki služijo podmorskim kablom, napeljanimi pod oceanom. Ti kabli povezujejo Evropo z Ameriko in povezujejo nas. To so kabli, na katere se želim predvsem osredotočiti. Če je internet globalen fenomen, če živimo v globalni vasi, je to zaradi kablov pod oceanom. Takšnih kablov. V tej dimenziji so neverjetno majhni. Lahko jih držimo v roki. So kot vrtna cev. Toda v drugi dimenziji pa so neverjetno razsežni, tako razsežni kot si lahko predstavljate. Raztezajo se preko oceana. Dolgi so pet, osem ali deset tisoč kilometrov. In čeprav sta znanost o materialih in računska tehnologija neverjetno zapleteni, je osnovni fizični proces presenetljivo preprost. Svetloba vstopi na enem koncu oceana in pride ven na drugem. Ponavadi pride iz stavbe, ki se imenuje sprejemno-oddajna postaja in se pogosto skriva v manjši obmorski naselbini. Na dnu oceana pa so ojačevalci, ki so podobni modroplavutemu tunu in vsakih 80 kilometrov ojačajo signal. Ker je hitrost prenosa podatkov neverjetno hitra, je osnovna enota prenosa valovne dolžine svetlobe 10 gigabitov na sekundo, kar je morda tisočkrat več kot vaša domača povezava, in je zmožna prenosa 10.000 video posnetkov. Toda to ni vse, saj ne bo potovala samo ena valovna dolžina skozi eno izmed vlaken, ampak bo skozi potovalo 50, 60 ali 70 različnih valovnih dolžin ali svetlobnih barv skozi eno samo vlakno. V enem kablu bo na primer osem vlaken, po štiri bodo usmerjene v vsako smer. In ta vlakna so zelo tanka, imajo debelino lasu. In potem se povežejo nekje s kontinentom. Povežejo se v takšen jašek. Dobesedno. To je dejanska lokacija, kjer je priključen 8.000 kilometrski kabel. To je posnetek iz Halifaxa, kabla, ki povezuje Halifax ter Irsko. Arhitektura se ves čas spreminja. Pred tremi leti, ko sem se prvič osredotočil na to tematiko, je bil na zahodni obali Afrike en kabel, kot je prikazan na zemljevidu Steva Songa s črno črto. Zdaj je tam šest kablov in jih bo še več, po trije ob vsaki obali. Ko se neka država priključi z enim kablom, se zave, da to ni dovolj. Če želi okrog tega razviti industrijo, se mora zavedati, da njihova povezava ni šibka, ampak je dolgotrajna. Če se pretrga kabel, je potrebno na vodo poslati ladjo, čez krov vreči kavelj, kabel dvigniti, poiskati drugi konec, oba konca je potrebno zopet spojiti in kabel spustiti nazaj na morsko dno. To je zelo, zelo fizično naporen postopek. Torej, to je moj prijatelj, Simon Cooper, ki je do nedavnega delal za Tata Communications, ki je komunikacijski oddelek podjetja Tata, velikega Indijskega industrijskega konglomerata. Nisva se še nikoli srečala. Pogovarjala sva se le skozi teleprisotnostni sistem. Zaradi tega nanj vedno pomislim kot moža znotraj interneta. (Smeh) Je Anglež. Znotraj industrije podmorskih kablov prevladujejo Angleži. In vsi so stari okrog 42 let. (Smeh) Ker so vsi z delom začeli ob istem času, ko je trg doživel razcvet pred 20 leti. Podjetje Tata je zagnalo komunikacijsko poslovanje, z nakupom dveh kablov. Eden se je raztezal čez Atlantski in drugi čez Tihi ocean. Nadaljevali so z dodajanjem delov, dokler niso zgradili pasu okrog sveta. Kar pomeni, da vaše bitne podatke pošiljajo na vzhod ali na zahod. Dobesedno imajo ta svetlobni žarek, ki obkroža ves svet. Če se okvari kabel v Tihem oceanu, bo poslal žarek v drugo smer. Ko so s tem zaključili, je podjetje začelo iskati nove kraje do katerih se lahko poveže. Iskali so kraje brez povezave. Zato so se osredotočili na sever in jug. V glavnem so to bili ti kabli do Afrike. Najbolj pa me je presenetila Simonova geografska domišljija. On vidi svet kot nekakšno neverjetno razsežnost. Predvsem mi je bilo to zanimivo, ker sem želel osebno videti izgradnjo takšnega kabla. Skozi naš čas na spletu, izkusimo te bežne trenutke povezanosti. To kratkočasno zbližanost. Sporočila na Twitterju, Facebooku ali elektronski pošti. In pričakoval sem neko fizično povezanost. Pričakoval sem takšen trenutek ob priključitvi kontinenta in sem ga želel izkusiti. In Simon je delal na novem kablu, WACS, Zahodnoafriški Kabelski Sistem, ki se je raztezal od Lizbone do zahodne obale Afrike, do Slonokoščene obale, Gane, Nigerije, Kameruna. Povedal mi je da bo gradnja kmalu, odvisno od vremena, in mi bo sporočil kdaj. Tako mi je približno štiri dni vnaprej povedal, da naj grem na obalo na jugu Lizbone. In se bo malo po deveti uri iz morja sprehodil ta mož. (Smeh) In bo imel v roki zeleno vrv iz najlona, lahko vrv, ki se imenuje kurirska vrv. In to je bil prvi člen med morjem in kopnim Ta člen, ki se bo kasneje razvil v to 11.000 kilometrsko pot svetlobe. Potem je buldožer začel vleči kabel s te posebne desantne ladje za kable, ki so ga potem zvlekli na te boje, dokler ni bil pravilno nameščen. Vidite lahko tudi angleške inženirje kako delo opazujejo. Ko je bil kabel nameščen, se je moški vrnil v vodo z velikim nožem in je boje odrezal, ki so se dvignile na površje. Kabel pa se je spustil na morsko dno. S tem je nadaljeval, dokler ni prispel do ladje. In ko je prispel do nje, so ga postregli s kozarcem soka in piškotom. Potem je skočil nazaj v vodo in odplaval do obale, kjer si je prižgal cigareto. (Smeh) Ko je kabel prispel na obalo, so ga začeli pripravljati za priključitev z drugim koncem, s kablom, ki so ga napeljali s sprejemno-oddajne postaje. Začeli so ga obdelovati z žago, nato so nastrgali plastično notranjost z ... nekakšno spretnostjo kuharjev. In potem so se končno dela lotili kot zlatarji, da so lahko ta tanka vlakna, poravnali s kablom, ki so ga napeljali s postaje, in so ga spojili z luknjačem. Ko opazuješ, kako se ti možje kabla lotijo z žago, interneta ne vidiš več, kot oblak. Začne ti delovati kot nekaj izredno fizičnega. Presenetilo me je še nekaj. Čeprav vse to temelji na zelo visoko razviti tehnologiji, čeprav je to nekaj povsem novega, je fizični proces že dolgo v obstoju. Tudi kultura je enaka. Vidiš domačine pri delu. Vidiš angleške inženirje, ki dajejo napotke v ozadju. Najbolj pomembno pa je, da so kraji ostali enaki. Ti kabli se še vedno povezujejo do ustaljenih obmorskih mest. Kot so Lizbona, Mombasa, Mumbaj, Singapur, New York. Za postopek na obali je potrebnih tri do štiri dni. In ko je delo končano, luknjo pokrijejo s pokrovom in ga prekrijejo s peskom in nanj vsi pozabimo. In zdi se mi, da veliko govorimo o oblaku, toda vsakič, ko na oblak nekaj odložimo, se obenem tudi deloma odpovemo odgovornosti do te stvari. Nismo več z njo tako povezani. Pustimo, da se z njo ukvarja nekdo drug. In to se mi ne zdi prav. Obstaja odlična izjava Neala Stephensona, ki je dejal, da morajo ljudje, ki so povezani prek žic, o žicah tudi nekaj vedeti. In morali bi vedeti, mislim, da moramo vedeti, od kod prihaja naša internetna povezava. In moramo se zavedati, kaj nas vse fizično, fizično povezuje. Hvala. (Aplavz)
English to Slovenian: Meet a young entrepreneur, cartoonist, designer, activist General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting
Source text - English 00:06 Server: May I help you, sir? 00:10 Customer: Uh, let's see. 00:13 Server: We have pan seared registry error sprinkled with the finest corrupted data, binary brioche, RAM sandwiches, Conficker fitters, and a scripting salad with or without polymorphic dressing, and a grilled coding kabob. 00:30 Customer: I'd like a RAM sandwich and a glass of your finest Code 39. 00:36 Server: Would you like any desserts, sir? Our special is tracking cookie. 00:40 Customer: I'd like a batch of some zombie tracking cookies, thank you. 00:43 Server: Coming right up, sir. Your food will be served shortly. 00:49 (Applause) 00:56 Maya Penn: I've been drawing ever since I could hold a crayon, and I've been making animated flip books since I was three years old. At that age, I also learned about what an animator was. There was a program on TV about jobs most kids don't know about. When I understood that an animator makes the cartoons I saw on TV, I immediately said, "That's what I want to be." I don't know if I said it mentally or out loud, but that was a greatly defining moment in my life. 01:24 Animation and art has always been my first love. It was my love for technology that sparked the idea for "Malicious Dishes." There was a virus on my computer, and I was trying to get rid of it, and all of a sudden, I just thought, what if viruses have their own little world inside the computer? Maybe a restaurant where they meet up and do virusy things? And thus, "Malicious Dishes" was born. 01:48 At four years old, my dad showed me how to take apart a computer and put it back together again. That started my love for technology. I built my first website myself in HTML, and I'm learning JavaScript and Python. 02:01 I'm also working on an animated series called "The Pollinators." It's about bees and other pollinators in our environment and why they're so important. If plants aren't pollinated by the pollinators, then all creatures, including ourselves, that depend on these plants, would starve. So I decided to take these cool creatures and make a superhero team. (Applause) (Foot stomp) (Music) (Roar) Pollinator: Deforestsaurus! I should have known! I need to call on the rest of the Pollinators! (Music) 02:58 Thank you. (Applause) 03:01 All of my animations start with ideas, but what are ideas? Ideas can spark a movement. Ideas are opportunities and innovation. Ideas truly are what make the world go round. If it wasn't for ideas, we wouldn't be where we are now with technology, medicine, art, culture, and how we even live our lives. At eight years old, I took my ideas and started my own business called Maya's Ideas, and my nonprofit, Maya's Ideas for the Planet. (Laughter) And I make eco-friendly clothing and accessories. I'm 13 now, and although I started my business in 2008, my artistic journey started way before then. I was greatly influenced by art, and I wanted to incorporate it in everything I did, even my business. I would find different fabrics around the house, and say, "This could be a scarf or a hat," and I had all these ideas for designs. I noticed when I wore my creations, people would stop me and say, "Wow, that's really cute. Where can I get one?" And I thought, I can start my own business. 04:08 Now I didn't have any business plans at only eight years old. I only knew I wanted to make pretty creations that were safe for the environment and I wanted to give back. My mom taught me how to sew, and on my back porch, I would sit and make little headbands out of ribbon, and I would write down the names and the price of each item. I started making more items like hats, scarves and bags. Soon, my items began selling all over the world, and I had customers in Denmark, Italy, Australia, Canada and more. 04:37 Now, I had a lot to learn about my business, like branding and marketing, staying engaged with my customers, and seeing what sold the most and the least. Soon, my business really started to take off. Then one day, Forbes magazine contacted me when I was 10 years old. (Laughter) They wanted to feature me and my company in their article. 04:59 Now a lot of people ask me, why is your business eco-friendly? I've had a passion for protecting the environment and its creatures since I was little. My parents taught me at an early age about giving back and being a good steward to the environment. I heard about how the dyes in some clothing or the process of even making the items was harmful to the people and the planet, so I started doing my own research, and I discovered that even after dyeing has being completed, there is a waste issue that gives a negative impact on the environment. For example, the grinding of materials, or the dumping of dried powder materials. These actions can pollute the air, making it toxic to anyone or anything that inhales it. So when I started my business, I knew two things: All of my items had to be eco-friendly, and 10 to 20 percent of the profits I made went to local and global charities and environmental organizations. (Applause) I feel I'm part of the new wave of entrepreneurs that not only seeks to have a successful business, but also a sustainable future. I feel that I can meet the needs of my customers without compromising the ability of future generations to live in a greener tomorrow. 06:11 We live in a big, diverse and beautiful world, and that makes me even more passionate to save it. But it's never enough to just to get it through your heads about the things that are happening in our world. It takes to get it through your hearts, because when you get it through your heart, that is when movements are sparked. That is when opportunities and innovation are created, and that is why ideas come to life. 06:32 Thank you, and peace and blessings. 06:37 (Applause) 06:43 Thank you. (Applause) 06:46 Pat Mitchell: So, you heard Maya talk about the amazing parents who are behind this incredible woman. Where are they? Please, Mr. and Mrs. Penn. Would you just -- Ah! (Applause)	Translation - Slovenian 00:06 Strežnik: Kaj bi želeli, gospod? 00:10 Stranka: No, pa poglejmo. 00:13 Strežnik: Imamo popečeno napako v registru, začinjeno z najboljšimi pokvarjenimi podatki, dvojiško sladko pecivo, sendviče s pomnilnikom, ocvrte računalniške črve, skriptno solato, z ali brez polimorfnega preliva, in kodne ražnjiče na žaru. 00:30 Stranka: Sendvič s pomnilnikom bi, prosim, in kozarec vaše najboljše Code 39. 00:36 Strežnik: Bi želeli tudi sladico, gospod? Naša specialiteta so sledilni piškotki. 00:40 Stranka: En sveženj zombi sledilnih piškotkov bi imel, hvala. 00:43 Strežnik: Seveda, gospod. Vaša hrana bo kmalu prišla. 00:49 (Aplavz) 00:56 Maya Penn: Rišem, od kar sem prvič v roke prijela voščenko, in že od tretjega leta izdelujem animirane slikofrce. Takrat sem se tudi naučila, kaj pomeni biti animator. Na televizorju je bila oddaja o poklicih za katere otroci ne vedo. Ko sem doumela, da animator ustvarja risanke na televiziji, sem si takoj rekla: "To bi jaz rada bila." Ne vem, ali sem si to le mislila ali sem to rekla na glas, toda vsekakor je to bila prelomnica v mojem življenju. 01:24 Animacija in umetnost sta vedno bili moji prvi ljubezni. Iz moje ljubezni do tehnologije se je tudi razvila ideja o "Škodljivih jedeh." Računalnik se mi je okužil z virusom in sem se ga poskušala znebiti, naenkrat sem pomislila, kaj, če imajo virusi svoj lasten majhen svet v računalniku? Morda imajo gostilno, v kateri se družijo in počnejo virusne zadeve? In tako je nastala risanka "Škodljive jedi". 01:48 Pri štirih letih mi je oče pokazal, kako se razstavi računalnik in nato zopet sestavi. Tako se je začela moja ljubezen do tehnologije. Ustvarila sem svojo prvo HTML spletno stran in se trenutno učim JavaScript ter Python. 02:01 Delam tudi na animirani seriji z naslovom "Opraševalci". Zgodba se vrti okrog čebel in ostalih opraševalcev v našem okolju, ter tega, zakaj so tako pomembni. Če opraševalci ne bi opraševali rastlin, bi vsa živa bitja, vključno z nami, ki so od teh rastlin odvisne, stradale. Tako sem se odločila, da bom ta fina bitja združila v skupino superjunakov. (Aplavz) (Teptanje z nogami) (Glasba) (Krohotanje) Opraševalka: Gozdokrčnež! Morala bi vedeti! Poklicati moram ostale Opraševalce! (Glasba) 02:58 Hvala. (Aplavz) 03:01 Vse moje animacije se začnejo z idejo. Toda, kaj sploh so ideje? Ideje sprožijo trend. Ideje so priložnosti in inovacija. Ideje so resnično nekaj, zaradi česar se naš svet vrti. Brez idej ne bi nikoli prišli tako daleč v tehnologiji, medicini, umetnosti, kulturi in načinu življenja. Pri osmih letih sem vzela te svoje ideje in sem odprla svoje podjetje z imenom Mayine ideje in neprofitno organizacijo Mayine ideje za planet. (Smeh) Izdelujem okolju prijazna oblačila in modne dodatke. Zdaj sem stara 13 let in čeprav sem podjetje odprla leta 2008, se je moja umetniška pot začela že prej. Umetnost je name imela močan vpliv in sem jo želela vključiti povsod, tudi v svoje podjetje. Po hiši sem poiskala različne vrste blaga in dejala: "To bi lahko bil šal ali pa kapa," imela sem ogromno oblikovalskih idej. Ko sem nosila svoje stvaritve, so me ljudje ustavljali in spraševali: "Vau, to je res srčkano. Kje lahko dobim kaj takšnega?" In sem pomislila, da lahko odprem svoje podjetje. 04:08 Toda, nisem imela poslovnega načrta pri osmih letih. Vedela sem le, da želim ustvarjati lepe izdelke, ki so varni za okolje in jih lahko okolju vrnem. Mama me je naučila šivati in sem sedela na verandi ter izdelovala naglavne trakove, nato sem jih poimenovala in jim dodala ceno. Začela sem izdelovati tudi kape, šale in torbice. Kmalu so izdelki bili v prodaji po celem svetu in sem imela stranke na Danskem, v Italiji, Avstraliji, Kanadi in drugje. 04:37 O svojem podjetju sem se morala še veliko naučiti o blagovnih znamkah, trženju, ohranitvi sodelovanja s strankami in sledenju, kateri izdelki so najbolj in kateri najmanj prodajani. Kmalu je moje podjetje postalo zelo uspešno. In nekega dne, me pri desetih letih pokličejo z revije Forbes. (Smeh) Želeli so napisati prispevek o meni in mojem podjetju. Veliko ljudi me vpraša, zakaj je moje podjetje prijazno okolju? Strast do varovanja okolja in njegovih bitij v meni gori že od majhnih nog. Moji starši so me že zelo zgodaj učili, kako vračati okolju in biti njegov varuh. Povedala sta mi, kako so nekatera barvila v oblačilih ali pa sploh postopki izdelovanja oblačil škodljivi za ljudi in planet. Zato sem to začela raziskovati tudi sama in sem odkrila, da se problem pojavi že po barvanju, in sicer z odpadnimi snovmi, ki imajo negativen učinek na okolje. Na primer, mletje materialov, ali pa odlaganje suhega prahu. Izvajanje teh del lahko onesnaži zrak, ki postane škodljiv za vsakega, ki ta zrak vdihne. Torej, ko sem začela s poslovanjem, sem vedela dve stvari: Vsi moji izdelki morajo biti ekološko prijazni in 10 do 20 odstotkov dohodka bom vložila v lokalne in globalne dobrodelne organizacije ter okoljevarstvene organizacije. (Aplavz) Imam občutek, da sem del novega vala podjetnikov, ki ne stremijo samo k uspešnem podjetju, ampak si tudi želijo trajnostno prihodnost. Mislim, da lahko zadovoljim potrebe svojih strank ne da bi ogrožala zmožnost prihodnjih generacij, da bi uživale bolj zelen jutri. 06:11 Živimo v svetu, ki je velik, raznolik in lep, in zato si ga še bolj vneto želim rešiti. Toda nikoli ni dovolj le razmišljati o stvareh, ki se dogajajo na našem svetu. Te stvari moramo začutiti v srcu, kajti le srčni občutki o teh stvareh sprožijo gibanje. Takšni trenutki ustvarjajo priložnosti in inovacije in tako oživijo ideje. 06:32 Hvala, želim vam mir in blagoslov. 06:37 (Aplavz) 06:43 Hvala. (Aplavz) 06:46 Pat Mitchell: Torej, Mayo ste slišali govoriti o neverjetnih starših, ki stojijo ob strani tej neverjetni ženski. Kje sta? Prosim, gospod in gospa Penn. Bi Vas lahko prosila -- Aha! (Aplavz)
Slovenian to English: Hofer HR General field: Marketing
Source text - Slovenian Source text - Slovenian HOFER HR SMO VEČ KOT TRGOVEC, SMO DOBER ZAPOSLOVALEC HOFER HR NI KAMPANIJA, HOFER HR JE PROGRAM, ... ki se nadaljuje, raste, se razvija in ponuja vedno več. Kar je več kot FER! CERTIFIKATI V vseh komunikacijah so nagovori in teksti pisani v prvi osebi (MI) V vseh komunikacijah govorimo o nas samih, kdo smo, kaj počnemo, za kaj se zavzemamo, kaj smo dosegli, kaj ponujamo, ... V medijih predstavljamo, da nismo samo trgovci in da ponujamo široko paleto različnih poklicov, ki se jih v komunikacijah predstavlja (marketingarji, pravniki, ekonomisti, vzdrževalci, IT-jevci, pokuševalci, čebelarji, vrtnarji, ...) Vsi zapisi vsebujejo Hofer vrednote in izpostavljajo ugodnosti ter prednosti, ki jih Hofer nudi kot dober zaposlovalec Vse fotografije so “dokumentaristične”, odslikavajo TRENUTEK v prostoru in času COPY STRATEGY V vseh komunikacijah so nagovori in teksti pisani v prvi osebi (MI) V vseh komunikacijah govorimo o nas samih, kdo smo, kaj počnemo, za kaj se zavzemamo, kaj smo dosegli, kaj ponujamo, ... V medijih predstavljamo, da nismo samo trgovci in da ponujamo široko paleto različnih poklicov, ki se jih v komunikacijah predstavlja (marketingarji, pravniki, ekonomisti, vzdrževalci, IT-jevci, pokuševalci, čebelarji, vrtnarji, ...) Vsi zapisi vsebujejo Hofer vrednote in izpostavljajo ugodnosti ter prednosti, ki jih Hofer nudi kot dober zaposlovalec Vse fotografije so “dokumentaristične”, odslikavajo TRENUTEK v prostoru in času COMMUNICATION CHANNELS Tiskani oglasi Zaposlitveni portali Karierni in zaposlitveni sejmi Dogodki LinkedIn Drugi digitalni mediji (banner, PR članki, e-mailing, advertoriali) LINKEDIN V luči povedanega pod “copy strategy”, vsebujejo vse LinkedIn objave prvoosebni nagovor, govorimo o nas samih, o naših aktivnostih, fotografije so “dokumentaristične”, odslikavajo TRENUTEK v prostoru in času. Vsi teksti se pišejo izključno v slovenščini (primer: “JOB ALERT”, namesto tega: “NOVA KARIERNA PRILOŽNOST”, oz. “V pravni službi iščemo nove sile”) Samo 39 zaposlenih v podjetju Hofer Slovenija je povezanih na LinkedInu. Povečati je treba interni engagement po oddelkih– S tem se izpostavi profesionalizem, razširi rezime, predstavi znanje, širi zavedanje. Poziv k odpiranju LinkedIn profilov pozove CEO z internim mailingom (napiši) Vsebine se bodo pojavljale v treh tipih objav: Dogodki (karierni in zaposlitveni sejmi, SEMPL, Ljubljanski maraton, iniciative, team buildingi, trajnostne vsebine), napovedi (nove poslovalnice, razpisi študijskih programov) … Nagrade, Ideja z@ Hofer, priznanja, certifikati … Objave delovnih mest Že naslovnica vsebuje vse značilnosti povedanega v “copy strategy”: Da smo Hofer različni ljudje mnogoterih znanj, ljudje z vrednotami, ambicijami in cilji. LinkedIn – About us Smo več kot le trgovec, smo tudi skrben zaposlovalec z izrazitim čutom do sočloveka, okolja in narave. Kljub pisani paleti poklicev, ki jih opravljamo, nas povezujejo skupne vrednote, odgovornost in veselje do dela. Veliko dajemo na znanje. Ker smo del mednarodne poslovne skupine ALDI SÜD, ambicioznim posameznikom ponujamo številne karierne možnosti tudi zunaj meja Slovenije. Mednarodna izmenjava zaposlenih krepi zavedanje o raznolikosti, doprinese k osebnostni rasti in predstavlja pomemben del inovativnega in uspešnega razvoja podjetja. Seveda pa se zavedamo, da je pozitiven odnos in dobro razmerje med delovnim in prostim časom ključnega pomena tako za dušni mir, kot tudi za zdravje, zato se prilagajamo željam sodelavcev pri uresničevanju želja in ambicij. Varovanju okolja in trajnostnemu razvoju pripisujemo velik pomen in si prizadevamo izboljšati življenjski slog naših kupcev in zaposlenih. Težimo k skrbni uporabi surovin in transparentnemu poslovanju ter se zavzemamo za pravičnost in poštenost na vseh področjih našega delovanja. Močno smo vpeti v slovensko lokalno okolje in ponosni smo, da skupaj z našimi kupci predstavljamo gonilno silo trajnostnega, gospodarskega in socialnega razvoja Slovenije. Zato smo več kot fer. (+ podpis CEO-ja) LinkedIn – primer objave (sabbatical) Fotografija dejanskega zaposlenega v podjetju Hofer, ki si je vzel ”sabbatical” za nadaljni študij. Sedi za domačo mizo ob oknu, zunaj je dan, na mizi so knjige – S fotografijo je definiran čas, prostor in namen. Pod fotografijo je izjava zaposlenega, na dnu pa opis “benefita” (sabbatical) LinkedIn – primer objave (Ideja z@ Hofer) Vsakič, ko je bila sprejeta in implementirana ideja iz programa Ideja z@ Hofer, se na LinkedInu objavi fotografija tistega, ki je idejo predlagal s pripisanim imenom in delovnim mestom. Pod fotografijo je kratka izjava o ideji, v rokah drži “vrednoto” INOVATIVNOST. Pod sliko z izjavo je še kratka razlaga programa Ideja z@ Hofer. LinkedIn – primer objave (kadrovski) Fotografija dejanskih zaposlenih iz kadrovskega oddelka v prostorih oddelka. Skupaj držijo “vrednoto” zaposlitev Skupina je slikana za eno od miz oddelka, v ozadju je okno– S fotografijo je definiran čas, prostor in namen. Pod fotografijo je izjava, na dnu pa opis “benefita” (zaposlitev). Pod opisom je še gumb za prijavo. Facebook – primer objave (sabbatical) Kadrovski oglas se pojavi tudi na Facebooku, le da v tem primeru nagovarja vodja oddelka. Tako za isto delovno mesto nagovarja več ljudi: na Instagramu kolektiv oddelka, na FB pa vodja oddelka ali obratno – s tem se še dodatno izkazuje, da smo Hofer različni ljudje, ki smo skupaj del večjega kolektiva, ki ponuja mnoge priložnosti. Vodja oddelka v rokah drži besedo “Zaposlitev”, pod fotografijo je nagovor/povabilo, pod opisom je še gumb za prijavo. ZASLONI ZA USLUŽBENCE Na zaslonih se vrstijo naslednji tipi objav: Motivacijski nagovori in komentarji dogodkov vodstvenega kadra (ti so bodisi posneti, bodisi napisani – ob tem, da mora biti vodstveni kader prisoten s fotografijo, imenom in funkcijo). Vsebujejo npr. čestitke udeležencem Ljubljanskega maratona, obvestila o prejetih nagradah, uvedbah novosti, razlas za novoletno zabavo, ipd. Motivacijski in obveščevalni filmčki (na vseh dogodkih bo prisotna kamera, ali pa vsaj fotograf, ki bo sleherni dogodek dokumentiral – materiali bodo služili za vse vrste objav, od LinkedIna do uporabe za tiskane in spletne medije) Sporočila o dobljenih nagradah Zaposlitveni oglasi (to je pomembno za že zaposlene, ker lahko predlagajo za razpisano mesto prijatelja in s tem dobijo nagrado) ZAPOSLITVENI PORTALI VSI zaposlitveni oglasi v VSEH medijih vsebujejo neposredno povezavo na kariera.Hofer.si Nekateri zaposlitveni portali nudijo možnost objave zaposlitvenega oglasa po željah ponudniki, drugi pa dovoljujejo le vnašanje oglasa po omejitvah njihovega spletnega mesta. Kje je možno, se bodo zaposlitveni oglasi objavljali v enakem/podobnem slogu kot na LinkedInu – Z resnično osebo z imenom in nazivom, ki bo osebno nagovarjala s kratko izjavo, v rokah bo držala “vrednoto” ZAPOSLITEV. Zaposlitveni portal – Primer objave DOGODKI POSTAVITEV STOJNICE Glede na različne tipe dogodkov in sejmov, predvsem pa glede na razpoložljiv prostor, bo Hofer “stojnica” zgrajena MODULARNO (s pomočjo predelnih sten). S tem lahko glede na tip in velikost dogodkov in sejmov prilagajamo tudi velikost, postavitev in vsebino same “stojnice”. Izgled modularne “stojnice” je: V barvah podjetja Hofer. Je zasnovana ergonomsko (pulti, stoli, mize so uporabniku prijazni, udobni in tudi prijetni na pogled) Je polna sporočil (na paravanih in v brošurah) zaposlenih, vrednot, prednosti zaposlenosti v podjetju Hofer, družbene odgovornosti in angažiranosti podjetja Hofer glede trajnostnega razvoja, ipd. “Stojnica” je OAZA, prostor, ki je prijeten že samo na pogled, prostor, ki vabi in ki ponuja veliko več, kot je pričakovano. VSE (vsaj tavečje) sejme in dogodke se snema, manjše vsaj fotografira, saj so videoposnetki in fotografije ključnega pomena za oglaševanje na LinkedInu in FB-ju. Največja postavitev “stojnice”, primerna za največje dogodke in sejme. Vsebuje: Pult z barskimi stoli (na pultu se dobi splošne informacije in pa različne 4 stranske letake z različnimi temami – različnimi razpoložljivimi poklici, ki jih Hofer ponuja, in vrednotami. “Separeje” (vsaj 3) z udobnimi stoli in mizo, kjer se lahko udeleženci detajlno pozanimajo o poklicih, ki jih Hofer nudi, in pogovorijo o možnostih zaposlitve v podjetju Hofer. Prostor, kje lahko posamezniki po želji opravijo psihometrični test in se pogovorijo s kariernim svetovalcem Prostor za nagradno igro Paravani s slogani, ki izpostavljajo, da Hofer ni zgolj trgovina, da ponuja paleto različnih poklicov, vrednote, ki povezujejo zaposlene in preko katerih podjetje Hofer deluje kot ljudem, okolju in naravi prijazno podjetje Predstavitve, pogovore in seznanjanje s podjetjem Hofer nudijo (priučene) hostes EEMM Hostes agency (s katerimi je Hofer že sodeloval) Srednje velika postavitev “stojnice”, primerna za velike in srednje velike dogodke in sejme. Vsebuje: Pult z barskimi stoli (na pultu se dobi splošne informacije in pa različne 4 stranske letake z različnimi temami – različnimi razpoložljivimi poklici, ki jih Hofer ponuja, in vrednotami. Enega do dva “separeja” z udobnimi stoli in mizo, kjer se lahko udeleženci detajlno pozanimajo o poklicih, ki jih Hofer nudi, in pogovorijo o možnostih zaposlitve v podjetju Hofer. Prostor za nagradno igro Paravani s slogani, ki izpostavljajo, da Hofer ni zgolj trgovina, da ponuja paleto različnih poklicov, vrednote, ki povezujejo zaposlene in preko katerih podjetje Hofer deluje kot ljudem, okolju in naravi prijazno podjetje Predstavitve, pogovore in seznanjanje s podjetjem Hofer nudijo (priučene) hostes EEMM Hostes agency (s katerimi je Hofer že sodeloval) Majhna postavitev “stojnice”, primerna za manjše in nišne dogodke. Vsebuje: Pult z barskimi stoli (na pultu se dobi splošne informacije in pa nišne 4 stranske letake (npr. za pravno službo, logistiko, marketing, ipd. ter vrednotami. Prostor za nagradno igro (če prostor omogoča) Paravan s slogani, ki izpostavljajo, da Hofer ni zgolj trgovina, da ponuja paleto različnih poklicov (predvsem nišnega, na račun teme dogodka) ter vrednote, ki povezujejo zaposlene Predstavitve, pogovore in seznanjanje s podjetjem Hofer nudijo (priučene) hostes EEMM Hostes agency (s katerimi je Hofer že sodeloval) Dogodki – Karierni sejem Moje delo Na sejmu bomo prisotni z modularno stojnico A. Stojnica je sestavljena iz: Pulta, pri katerem so na voljo “splošne informacije” in pa različni 4 stranski letaki (za vsak oddelek, ki bi ga Hofer rad izpostavljal - pravna služba, HR oddelek, oddelek za logistiko, marketing, ipd.). Letaki bodo postavljeni v slogu letaka, ki je omenjen pri Dnevu slovenskih pravnikov. Dveh do treh separejev z udobnimi stoli in mizo, kjer se lahko posamezniki bolje spoznajo s posameznimi oddelki s pomočjo (priučenih) hostes EEMM Hostes agency (s katerimi je Hofer že sodeloval) Prostora, kje lahko posamezniki po želji opravijo psihometrični test in se pogovorijo s kariernim svetovalcem Paravanov s slogani, ki izpostavljajo, da Hofer ni zgolj trgovina, da ponuja paleto različnih poklicov, vrednote, ki povezujejo zaposlene in preko katerih podjetje Hofer deluje kot ljudem, okolju in naravi prijazno podjetje Prostora za nagradno igro Oprema in izgled stojnice: stojnica bo v barvah podjetja Hofer, logotipi so minimalistično vmeščeni, na različnih površinah pa bi se komunicirala predvsem širina različnih delovnih mest, ki jih podjetje Hofer ponuja, vrednote in pa dejstvo, da smo Hofer ljudje. Primeri HL-jev: Smo ljudje mnogoterih poklicov. Smo ljudje, ki nas povezujejo skupne vrednote. Hofer smo zanimivi ljudje. Hofer smo tudi pravniki, logistiki, marketingarji, IT-jevci ... Pri nas lahko vsak najde svoj poklic. Pri nas lahko najdete svoj sanjski poklic. Prijazni do ljudi, prijazni do narave. Hofer – več kot trgovec. Ljudje za ljudi. Hofer. Smo več kot trgovina, smo dober zaposlovalec. NAGRADNA IGRA: Activity (Hofertivity) Activity je preprosta in popularna igra, ki pri igralcih spodbuja ustvarjalnost. Gre za preprost koncept: Pojme, ki jih igralec dobi, mora predstaviti bodisi z risanjem, razlago ali pantomimo. Za namen sejma bi priredili igro Activity in sicer tako, da bi igralec “izžrebal” igralno karto, na kateri so pojmi povezani s podjetjem Hofer: poklici, vrednote, pojmi s področij kot so trajnostni razvoj, zdravje, inovativnost, prilagodljivost, znanje, ipd., igralec pa bo po lastni želji moral ta pojem predstaviti bodisi z risanjem, pantomimo ali razlago, v kateri pa seveda ne sme uporabiti besede, ki opisuje izžreban pojem. Uspešni bodo nagrajeni z: Blagnato nakupovalno vrečko z natisnjenimi sporočili (eko, nizek ogljični odtis, ipd.) solarnim polnilcem za mobitel, brandiran s pozivom k zamenjavi mobilnega operaterja oz. Hofer telefonijo HoT.si lončkom presenečenja (lonček, v katerem so posejana semena nekega zelišča ... presenečenje) Zapestnice z modrimi mislimi, ki vsebujejo vrednote podjetja Hofer Komunikacijski kanali – Sejem bi se oglaševal: Hofer Instagram Hofer Facebook Na spletni strani sejma Tiskani oglasi v časopisih in revijah Radijski oglasi Bannerji Naknadno se bo objavilo posnetke s sejma, ki se jih bo objavilo na Hofer LinkedInu in Facebooku. SEJEM IZOBRAŽEVANJA IN POKLICEV Na sejmu bomo prisotni z modularno stojnico A. Poleg vseh sestavnih delov za modularno stojnico A. (pult, 4 stranski letaki, separeji, prostor za psihometrični test, paravani s slogani, prostor za nagradno igro, profesionalne hostese, ipd.), bi na tem sejmu še prav posebej in osebno izpostavili različne in tudi nekaj “eksotičnih” poklicev v podjetju Hofer in sicer po principu “Speed dating”-a. “SLUŽBKOVANJE” Seveda v tem primeru ne bi šlo za zmenkarije, temveč za to, da bi posameznik v roku 5 minut spoznal 5 različnih poklicnih profilov zaposlenih v podjetju Hofer (Npr. pravnika, IT-jevca, vzdrževalca sončnih celic, čebelarja in pokuševalca), nato pa bi se poiskusil predstaviti še sam. Ne glede na uspeh njegove ali njene predstavitve, bi dobili poseben letak, ki bi vseboval koristne nasvete glede pristopanja do novega delodajalca, oz. do podjetja Hofer – Kako se predstaviti, kaj povedati o sebi, kako izpostaviti svoje prednosti, ipd. NAGRADA: Zmagovalec prejme brošuro o tem kako se uspešno predstaviti podjetju Hofer (brošura vsebuje tudi možnosti zaposlitev in pa vrednote, ki jih Hofer živi) Predevanje/delavnica na temo “razvoj in izobraževanje kadrov v domačem in mednarodnem okolju”. Poudarek na dobrih praksah, številčnosti različnih poklicev znotraj podjetja Hofer in vrednostami, ki jih Hofer prakticira, njegovi sodelavci pa živijo. Dnevi slovenskih pravnikov Komunikacija temelji na prestavitvi pravne službe podjetja Hofer, s posebnim poudarkom na predstavniku funkcije pravnega zastopnika zaposlenih. Na dogodku bomo prisotni z modularno stojnico tipe C, sestavljene iz: Pulta (+trije barski stoli), pri katerem so na voljo 4 stranski letaki o pravnem oddelku in podjetju Hofer vobče Paravana s slogani, primerni nagovarjanju pravnikov: Smo ljudje mnogoterih poklicov. Hofer smo tudi pravniki Pri nas lahko najdete svoj sanjski poklic. Ljudje za ljudi. Hofer. 3. Roza pentlje za “darilo” (ki služi kot “opozorilo”, da je Hofer podpornik družbeno odgovornih iniciativ. Pentlje bodo v bovli na stolu in ob pingvinu, ki v stavku ali dveh opisue pripadnost podjetja Hofer pri družbeno odgovornih akcijah). Na dogodku je prisoten pravni zastopnik zaposlenih iz podjetja Hofer, ki s pomočjo s podjetjem Hfoer seznanjanje hostese EEMM Hostes agency po potrebi razlaga potrebno. Vsebina 4 stranskega letaka: Naslovnica: Logotip HL: “Nismo le trgovec, smo tudi dober zaposlovalec ...” Pripis na spodnjem robu letaka, ki dopolnjuje HL: “... In iščemo pravnike!” Prva notranja stran (leva polovica): Opis pravne službe podjetja Hofer Druga notranja stran (desna polovica): Opis funkcije pravnega zastopnika zaposlenih Zadnja stran: Opis podjetja Hofer preko vrednot Za različne namene bi se delalo različne verzije letaka (za marketing oddelek, logistiko, IT, itd.), spreminjala bi se notranja stran, ki bi govorila o posameznih oddelkih in izpostavljala eno od konkretnih delovnih mest znotraj oddelka. In pa spreminjal bi se poziv na spodnjem robu naslovnice (npr. “... In iščemo logistika!”, namesto “... In iščemo pravnika v danem primeru) Vsebina pingvina: Logotip Fotografija pravne službe podjetja Hofer s pripisom “Smo sodelavci pravne službe podjetja Hofer.” Nekaj benefitov zaposlitve v pravnem oddelku podjetja Hofer Kongres pisarniške odličnosti Kongres na enem mestu združi več kot 400 poslovnih sekretark, tajnic, poslovnih asistentk in vodij pisarn iz cele Slovenije. Kongres pisarniške odličnosti poleg navdihujočih predavateljev prinaša nepozabno druženje s pestrim spremljevalnim programom, nagradami in aktivnostmi. Komunikacija temelji na prestavitvi “back office”-a podjetja Hofer (tajnice, poslovne sekretarke, ipd.), s posebnim poudarkom na predstavi izbranega delovnega mesta oddelka. Na dogodku bomo prisotni z modularno stojnico tipe C, sestavljene iz: Pulta (+trije barski stoli), pri katerem so na voljo 4 stranski letaki o “back office” oddelku in podjetju Hofer vobče Paravana s slogani, primerni nagovarjanju tajnic in poslovnih sekretark: Smo ljudje mnogoterih poklicov. Hofer smo tudi poslovne sekretarke Pri nas lahko najdete svoj sanjski poklic. Ljudje za ljudi. Hofer. Na dogodku je prisotna tudi predstavnica “back office” oddelka, ki s pomočjo s podjetjem Hfoer seznanjanje hostese EEMM Hostes agency po potrebi razlaga potrebno. Vsebina 4 stranskega letaka: Naslovnica: Logotip HL: “Nismo le trgovec, smo tudi dober zaposlovalec ...” Pripis na spodnjem robu letaka, ki dopolnjuje HL: “... In iščemo poslovne sekretarke!” Prva notranja stran (leva polovica): Opis “back office” oddelka podjetja Hofer Druga notranja stran (desna polovica): Opis funkcije različnih delovnih mest znotraj “back office” oddelka Zadnja stran: Opis podjetja Hofer preko vrednot DOGODKI - SEMPL Komunikacija na festivalu SEMPL bo temeljila na prestavitvi širine ponudbe različnih delovnih mest podjetja Hofer, s posebnim poudarkom na oddelku za marketing. Na dogodku bomo prisotni z modularno stojnico tipe B ali C, sestavljene iz: Visok pult + 3 barski stoli 4 stranski letaki (z vsebino oddelka za marketing) Pingvin (na katerem se predstavi kolektiv oddelka za marketing + nekaj benefitov, ki jih zaposlenost v podjetju Hofer prinaša – oboje v slogu pingvina, ki bo stal tudi na Dneh slovenskih pravnikov) Paravan s slogani, primerni nagovarjanju marketingarjev: Smo ljudje mnogoterih poklicov. Hofer smo tudi marketingarji. Pri nas lahko najdete svoj sanjski poklic. Ljudje za ljudi. Hofer. Igra Activity (ki je bila razložena pri Kariernem sejmu) Komunikacijski kanali: Napoved dogodka na Hofer FB strani, LinkedInu in spletni strani (slider), na spletni strani festivala SEMPL, članek v Marketing Magazinu (PR + tiskani oglas z vrednotami) Na SEMPLu predstavitev marketinškega oddelka prek delavnice. Tema: Marketing oddelek + dobre prakse (na primeru kampanije čebele in/ali Fer Fud) – Ker je to obenem tudi eden ključnih parametrov pri izboru Zlata Nit Po festivalu se na Hofer LinkedInu, Facebook strani in spletni strani predstavi filmček in/ali fotografije s festivala.	Translation - English Translation - English HOFER HR WE ARE MORE THAN A SALESPERSON, WE ARE A GOOD EMPLOYER HOFER HR IS NOT A CAMPAIGN, HOFER HR IS A PROGRAME, ... which expands, grows, evolves and is offering a growing number of products. Which is more than FAIR! CERTIFICATES In all correspondences the greetings and texts are written in first person (MI) In all correspondences we are talking about ourselves, about who we are, about our activities, about our aspirations, about our achievements, about our offers ... In marketing collateral, we present ourselves as more than salespeople and that we offer a wide range of different professions, which are presented in advertising (marketers, lawyers, economists, maintenance workers, IT experts, tasters, beekeepers, gardeners ...) All records are comprised of Hofer values and highlight the benefits and advantages offered by Hofer as a good employer All photos are “documentary”, because they present the MOMENT in space and time COPY STRATEGY In all correspondences the greetings and texts are written in first person (MI) In all correspondences we are talking about ourselves, about who we are, about our activities, about our aspirations, about our achievements, about our offers ... In marketing collateral, we present ourselves as more than salespeople and that we offer a wide range of different professions, which are presented in advertising (marketers, lawyers, economists, maintenance workers, IT experts, tasters, beekeepers, gardeners ...) All records are comprised of Hofer values and highlight the benefits and advantages offered by Hofer as a good employer All photos are “documentary”, because they present the MOMENT in space and time COMMUNICATION CHANNELS Printed advertisements Job portals Career and employment fairs Events LinkedIn Other digital media (banners, PR articles, e-mail correspondence, advertorials) LINKEDIN In the light of the above (“copy strategy”), every LinkedIn post is written in first person, we describe ourselves, our activities and all photos are “documentary”, because they present the MOMENT in space and time. Every text is written exclusively in Slovenian (example: “JOB ALERT”, instead: "NOVA KARIERNA PRILOŽNOST”, or “V pravni službi iščemo nove sile”) Merely 39 Hofer employees are connected on LinkedIn. Emphasis has to be put on pursuing employee engagement for each department – It advocates professionalism, expands the regime, presents skill, propagates awareness. The creation of LinkedIn accounts is encouraged by the CEO with an internal e-mail correspondence The content will appear in the types of posts: Events (career and employment fairs, SEMPL, Ljubljana Marathon, initiatives, team-building, sustainable content), announcements (new business offices, study programmes) ... Awards, Idea z@ Hofer, recognitions, certificates ... Vacancy notices The cover alone includes the characteristics described in “copy strategy”: That Hofer is represented by people with multiple skills, people with values, ambitions and goals. LinkedIn – About us We are more than just a salesperson, we are also an employer with a strong sense of duty towards his fellow human being, environment and nature. Despite the wide range of occupations that we provide, we are also linked by common values, responsibility and job satisfaction. We appreciate skill. Because we are a part of the ALDI SÜD business group, we offer ambitious individuals a number of career opportunities outside Slovenia. The International Employee Exchange programme increases the awareness for diversity, improves personal growth and represents a vital part of an innovative and successful company development. Of course, we are aware that a positive attitude and a good work-life balance are crucial for a peace of mind and well-being. And that is why we adapt to the needs of our employees in pursuit of their wishes and ambitions. We put great stress on environment protection and sustainable development, and strive to improve the lifestyle of our customers and employees. We pursue the careful use of raw materials and transparent business, and we are committed to keep all fields of our activity fair and honest. We are strongly involved in local Slovenian environment and we are proud to present, together with our customers, the driving force behind the sustainable, economic and social development of Slovenia. That is why we are more than fair. (+ CEO signature) LinkedIn – post example (sabbatical) A photo of a Hofer employee, who took a “sabbatical” for follow-up studies. He sits at a table, next to a window, with daylight outside and book on the table – This photo defines the time, place and purpose. Under the photo is a quote made by the employee, and at the bottom the description of the “benefit” (sabbatical) LinkedIn – post example (Idea z@ Hofer) Every time, the idea from the Idea z@ Hofer Programme was accepted and implemented, a photo of the person who gave the idea is published on LinkedIn, including that person’s name and occupation. Under the photo is a short description of the idea, the employee is holding the “value” INNOVATION. The area under the picture is also equipped with a short description of the Idea z@Hofer Programme. LinkedIn – post example (personnel department) A photo of actual employees from the personnel department in their office space. They are together holding the “value” EMPLOYMENT. The group is standing behind one of the department’s tables, behind them is a window – The photo defines the time, place and purpose. Under the photo is a quote and at the bottom the description of the “benefit” (employment). Beneath the description is a button for job application. Facebook – post example (sabbatical) Personnel department’s advertisement is also published on Facebook, but in this case, it is from the head of the department. Thus, several people are addressed for the same occupation: on Instagram the department collective, on FB the head of the department, or vice versa – this further demonstrates that Hofer is represented by different people, who are part of a bigger collective, which offers many opportunities. The head of the department is holding the word “Employment”, and under the photo there is an invitation, which is followed with a button for job application. EMPLOYEE MONITORS The following types of posts are displayed on the monitors: Motivational speeches and comments on the events held by the managerial staff (these can be recorded on video, or written – however, a photo with the managerial staff has to be added, including name and function). The contain, for example, congratulatory paragraphs for the participants of the Ljubljana Marathon, announcements about the received prizes, introduction of novelties, New Year’s party announcement etc. Motivational and notification videos (every event is documented on video or by a photographer – the material serves all kinds of posts, from LinkedIn to printed and digital media) Announcements about received prizes Job ads (this is important for those already employed, because they can recommend a friend for vacancy and later receive a prize) JOB PORTALS ALL job portals in ALL media contain a direct link to kariera.Hofer.si Some job portals offer the opportunity to post a job ad according to the preferences of the job providers, while others allow only the ads to be entered by the limits of their website. Wherever possible, the job ads will be posted in the same/similar style as those on LinkedIn – with a real person including their name and title, who is personally address the visitor with a short statement, and holding the “value” EMPLOYMENT. Job portal - Post example EVENTS STAND CONSTRUCTION Depending on the events and fairs, but especially depending on the space provided, the Hofer “stand” will be constructed MODULARLY (with the help of partition walls). With this, depending on the type and size of the events and fairs, we can also adjust the size, layout and the content of the “stand”. The appearance of the modular “stand” is: In the colours of Hofer. Ergonomically designed (countertops, chairs, tables are user-friendly, comfortable and pleasing to the eye) Filled with messages (on paravanes on brochures) written by the employees, values, advantages of working for Hofer, social responsibility and engagement of the Hofer company towards sustainable development etc. “Stand” is an OASIS, a space pleasing to the eye alone, a space that invites and offers much more than expected. EVERY (at least the bigger ones) fairs are filmed, the smaller ones are photographed by the least, because the videos and photos are the key to advertising on LinkedIn and FB. The largest layout of the “stand” is suitable for the largest events and fairs. It includes: A countertop with bar stools (general information is provided at the counter, including four different flyers with various themes – different vacancies, offered by Hofer, and values. “Cubicles” (at least three) with comfortable chairs and a table, where the visitors can find out more about the professions offered by Hofer and discuss Hofer’s job opportunities. An area, where individuals can do a psychometric test and talk to a career advisor. Prize game area Paravanes with slogans, which emphasise that Hofer is more than just a store, that it offers a wide range of professions, values that connect employees and through which Hofer functions as a people-, environment- and nature-friendly company. Presentations, conversations and introduction of the Hofer company is provided by (learned) hostesses of the EEMM Hostess agency (with which Hofer has cooperated in the past) The medium-sized layout of the “stand” is suitable for large and medium-sized events and fairs. It includes: A countertop with bar stools (general information is provided at the counter, including four different flyers with various themes – different vacancies, offered by Hofer, and values. One to two “Cubicles” with comfortable chairs and a table, where the visitors can find out more about the professions offered by Hofer and discuss Hofer’s job opportunities. Prize game area Paravanes with slogans, which emphasise that Hofer is more than just a store, that it offers a wide range of professions, values that connect employees and through which Hofer functions as a people-, environment- and nature-friendly company. Presentations, conversations and introduction of the Hofer company is provided by (learned) hostesses of the EEMM Hostess agency (with which Hofer has cooperated in the past) The small-sized layout of the “stand” is suitable for smaller and niche events. It includes: A countertop with bar stools (general information is provided at the counter, including four niche flyers (e.g., legal services, logistics, marketing etc.) and values. Prize game area (if the allocated space is sufficient) Paravanes with slogans, which emphasise that Hofer is more than just a store, that it offers a wide range of professions (mostly niche-related, at the expense of the event) and values that connect the employees. Presentations, conversations and introduction of the Hofer company is provided by (learned) hostesses of the EEMM Hostess agency (with which Hofer has cooperated in the past) Events – the Career Fair “Moje delo” At the fair, we will have the modular stand A. The stand is comprised of: A countertop with “genral information” and four different flyers (for each department that Hofer would like to highlight - legal service, HR department, logistics department, marketing etc.) The flyers will be designed in the flyer-style, mentioned at Days of Slovenian Lawyers. Two of three cubicles with comfortable chairs and a table, where individuals can find out more about separate departments with the help of (learned) hostesses from the EEMM Hostess agency (with which Hofer has cooperated in the past) An area, where individuals can do a psychometric test and talk to a career advisor Paravanes with slogans, which emphasise that Hofer is more than just a store, that it offers a wide range of professions, values that connect employees and through which Hofer functions as a people-, environment- and nature-friendly company. Prize game area Equipment and stand appearance: the stand will be in the colours of Hofer, the logos will be minimalistic, and in different areas the range of various jobs, offered by Hofer, is communicated as well as the values and the fact that Hofer represents the people. HL examples: We are people of many professions. We are people, connected by different values. Hofer is interesting people. Hofer is also lawyers, logistics experts, marketers, IT experts ... Here, everyone can find their profession. Here, you can find your dream profession. People-friendly, nature-friendly. Hofer - more than a salesperson. People for the people. Hofer. We are more than a store; we are good employer. PRIZE COMPETITION: Activity (Hofertivity) Activity is a simple and popular game, which invokes creativity in the participants. It has a simple concept: The words received by the player, they must present either by drawing, talking or through pantomime. For the purpose of the fair, the game Activity would be organized in such a way that the player would “draw out” a game card with the concepts of Hofer: occupations, values, terms from fields such as sustainable development, health, innovation, adaptability, skill etc. The player will then be able to choose whether they wish to present the term by either drawing, miming or talking, during which time, they of course, are not allowed to use the word taht describes the term on the card. Those who do well will be awarded with: A cloth bag with printed messages (eco, low carbon footprint etc.) a solar phone charger, branded with an invitation to change mobile operator, i.e., to switch to Hofer operator HoT.si a surprise cup (a cup, sown with an unknown herb ... surprise) Wristbands with words of wisdom, which include the Hofer values Communication channels - The fair would be advertised: Hofer Instagram Hofer Facebook On the fair website Printed advertisements in newspapers and magazines Radio advertisements Banners Eventually, the short video clips from the fair will be published on Hofer LinkedIn and Facebook. EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION FAIR At the fair, we will have the modular stand A. In addition to all components of the modular stand A (countertop, four flyers, cubicles, psychometric test area, paravanes with slogans, prize game area, professional hostesses etc.) we would like to make a special and personal mention of some different and some more “exotic” occupations at Hofer as well, namely in the form of “Speed Dating”. “FROM DESK TO DESK” Of course, this would not be a dating game, but an opportunity for each individual to find out more about five different Hofer occupation profiles (e.g., lawayer, IT expert, solar cell maintenance worker, beekeeper and taster) each in five minutes, and after them, they would try to introduce themselves as well. Regardless of their success of their introduction, they would receive a special flyer, which would include useful advice on how to approach a new employer, i.e., the company Hofer – How to present yourself, what to say about yourself, how to highlight your strengths etc. PRIZE: The winner is awarded a brochure on how to successfully present yourself to Hofer (the brochure also includes job opportunities and the values, practiced by Hofer) Lecture/workshop on the topic “development and training of personnel in the domestic and international environment”. Emphasis on good practices, the abundance of different occupations in Hofer and the values, practiced by Hofer, and lived by the co-workers. Days of Slovenian Lawyers The communication is based on the relocation of Hofer’s legal department, with special emphasis on the representative of the legal representative for employees. At the fair, we will have the modular stand type C, consisting of: Countertop (including three bar stools) with four flyers about the legal department and Hofer in general Paravane with slogans, suitable to address lawyers: We are people of many professions. Hofer is also lawyers Here, you can find your dream profession. People for the people. Hofer. 3. Pink ribbons as a “present” (which serves as a “warning” that Hofer is a supporter of socially responsible initiatives. The ribbons will be in a bowl on a chair next to a banner stand, which in a sentence or two describes Hofer’s association in socially responsible initiatives). At the event, a legal representative of Hofer employees will be present, who will, with the help of hostesses from the EEMM Hostess agency, acquainted with the company, relay the necessary information. Content of the 4-panel brochure: Front panel: Logo HL: “We are not just a salesman; we are also a good employer ...” At the bottom part of the flyer there is an inscription, which complements HL:” ... And we’re looking for lawyers!” The first inside panel (left half) Description of the Hofer legal service Second inside panel (right half): The description of the function of the legal representative for employees Last page: Description of Hofer through values For different purposes several versions of the flyer would be designed (for the marketing department, logistics, IT etc.), the inside panel would vary, which would describe different departments and highlight one of their specific posts within the department. The inscription at the bottom part of the front panel would vary (for example. “... we are looking for logistics experts!”, instead “... And we’re looking for lawyers in the given example) Content of the banner stand: Logo Photo of the Hofer legal service with an inscription “We are co-workers of the Hofer legal service.” Some benefits of being employed at the Hofer legal department Congress of Office Excellence The Congress unites more than 400 business secretaries, secretaries, business assistants and office managers from all parts of Slovenia. In addition to inspiring lecturers, brings an unforgettable socializing opportunity with an entertaining programme, prizes and activities. The communication is based on the relocation of Hofer’s “back office” (secretaries, business secretaries etc.) with special emphasis on the presentation of the department’s occupation. At the fair, we will have the modular stand type C, consisting of: Countertop (including three bar stools) with four flyers about the legal department and Hofer in general Paravane with slogans, suitable to address secretaries and business secretaries: We are people of many professions. Hofer is also business secretaries Here, you can find your dream profession. People for the people. Hofer. At the event, a “back office” department representative will be present, who will, with the help of hostesses from the EEMM Hostess agency, acquainted with the company, relay the necessary information. Content of the 4-panel brochure: Front panel: Logo HL: “We are not just a salesman; we are also a good employer ...” At the bottom part of the flyer there is an inscription, which complements HL:” ... And we are looking for business secretaries!” The first inside panel (left half) Description of the Hofer “back office” department Second inside panel (right half): Description of the function of different occupation within the “back office” department Last page: Description of Hofer through values EVENTS - SEMPL The communication at the SEMPL festival will be based on the presentation of the wide-range of different occupations at Hofer, with special emphasis on the marketing department. At the fair, we will have the modular stand type B or C, consisting of: High countertop with three bar stools Four flyers (with the content suitable for marketing) Banner stand (on which the marketing department collective will introduce itself and it will also include some benefits from being a Hofer employee – both will be designed in the banner stand style, which will be erected at the Days of Slovenian Lawyers as well) Paravane with slogans, suitable to address marketers: We are people of many professions. Hofer is also marketers Here, you can find your dream profession. People for the people. Hofer. Game activity (which is explained at Career Fair) Communication channels: The event will be announced on the Hofer Facebook page, LinkedIn and website (slider), on the website of SEMPL festival, in a Marketing Magazine article (PR and printed ad with values) At SEMPL the marketing department will be presented with the help of a workshop Topic: Marketing department + good practice (with the example of the Bee Campaign and/or Fer Fud) - This is at the same time one of crucial parameters of the Zlata nit/Golden Thread competition After the festival, a short film and/or photos from the festival will be published on Hofer LinkedIn, Facebook and website.

Master's degree - Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana

Years of experience: 15. Registered at ProZ.com: Mar 2021.

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Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, Google Translator Toolkit, Indesign, memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Office Pro, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, STAR Transit, Subtitle Edit, Subtitle Editor, Subtitle Workshop, Trados Studio

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Bio

My primary educational background is translation, but during my studies I got involved with numerous professions:

performing arts (actor and assistant director in theatre),
graphic design (lead designer and magazine co-editor),
photography (lead photographer),
videography (independent director and DP),
event organisation,
marketing,
volunteering,
medicine (care work for spinal injuries).

Naturally, types of texts connected to these areas of expertise are the ones where my translation skills shine the best. But due to my inquisitive nature I never shy away from translation of texts with a more scientific nature.

Keywords: slovenian, english, subtitling, marketing, design, photography, videography, performing arts, science, tourism

Profile last updated
Jun 29, 2021

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