On the left groin side the coughing impact is somewhat augmented.

On the left groin there is somewhat augmented coughing impact.

In checking for the presence of a hernia, a doctor has the patient turn his head and cough. This forced cough creates pressure which makes it easier to locate the hernia

Even if it is not a literal translation, it's the correct one, as this reference demonstrates:

Hernia: A general term referring to a protrusion of a tissue through the wall of the cavity in which it is normally contained.

More specifically, a hernia often refers to an opening or weakness in the muscular structure of the wall of the abdomen. This defect causes a bulging of the abdominal wall. This bulging is usually more noticeable when the abdominal muscles are tightened, thereby increasing the pressure in the abdomen. Examples of activities that can worsen a hernia are lifting, coughing, or even straining to have a bowel movement. Imagine a barrel with a hole in its side and a balloon that is blown up inside the barrel. Part of the inflated balloon would bulge out through the hole. The balloon going through the hole is like the tissues of the abdomen bulging through a hernia.

Symptoms of a hernia include pain or discomfort and a localized swelling somewhere on the surface of the abdomen or in the groin area.

now, for deciding between the two:

swelling noun
: an abnormal bodily protuberance or localized enlargement <an inflammatory ~>

bulge [bld]
n.
1. a swelling or an outward curve.

As you see, swelling is used more in association with an infection, bulge with something chronical - as is the case of hernia