Non-PRO English to Portuguese Tech/Engineering Geology Groundwater

Since the 1980s, a variety of new direct-push exploration methods have been developed. Small-diameter probes and sensors are pushed directly down into unconsolidated materials without drilling out a borehole in advance. Probes generally consist of a small drilling pipe with a cone-shaped tip on it and other instrumentation incorporated just behind the tip. Hydraulic or pneumatic jacks attached to a heavy truck push the probe into the ground with static, impact, or vibrational forces.