I believe this refers to the great importance of the celestial bodies in the sky at night for ancient peoples which seemed to govern their way of life.

This has the same meaning as in English. It refers to the beliefs of the early inhabitants of the Canary Islands.

"Little information has survived regarding the religious and cosmological beliefs of the Guanches. Indigenous Canarian people often performed their religious practices in places marked by particular striking geographical features or types of vegetation, and certain sites containing architectonic remains and cave paintings have been identified as sanctuaries."
http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php?topic=651.75
"Risco Caído and the sacred mountains of Gran Canaria host an outstanding complex of well-preserved archaeological sites and cultural landscape belonging to an insular culture, now extinct, that evolved in isolation after the arrival of the first Berbers or amazighs from North Africa around the beginning of the first century AD until the time, around the late 13th and early 14th centuries, when seafarers from southern Europe came to the islands in search of new spice routes and slaves for the slave trade. This is, therefore, an exceptional heritage that expresses a unique and unrepeatable cultural process.
The site is organised and can only be understood in terms of its cosmological vision."
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6081/
Against Aristotle: Cosmological Vision in Dante's Convivio
https://www.researchgate.net/.../236779971_Against_Aristotle...
Oct 15, 2016 - Against Aristotle: Cosmological Vision in Dante's Convivio on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.