Nov 8, 2017 01:43
6 yrs ago
4 viewers *
German term

Modulationshub

German to English Tech/Engineering Electronics / Elect Eng
This is part of a patent for a voltage source for modulated DC voltages.
Here is the sentence:
Bei einem ***Modulationshub*** von 100% ergibt sich daraus ein Modulationssignal, dessen Frequenz der Frequenz des Führungssignals 3 entspricht, das aber eine Spannung mit einer Amplitude von 50 V bei einer maximalen Leistung von 5kW aufweist.

Proposed translations

1 day 13 hrs
Selected

modulation deviation

Again disagreeing with everyone above. A simple look into the reference De>En dictionary for electrical engineering (Siemens) will confirm the answer is 'deviation'. Johannes almost got it right but there is a difference between Modulationshub and Frequenzhub (frequency deviation).

Let's look at the mathematics:

The modulation-induced change in carrier frequency is called frequency deviation (symbolized by delta f). In German this is called Frequenzhub.

The ratio of the frequency deviation to the modulation frequency fS is called the modulation index (or modulation depth = denoted by h). [fS = highest frequency present in the signal]

h = delta f / fS

This is a fundamental formula for frequency modulation, electrical engineering 101!

So in your case above, the modulation deviation is 100%. A clue to the actual translation is frequency deviation = Frequenzhub.

The modulation index/depth does not have percentage values but integer values like 1, 2, 0.5! So we then get h values of 1f, 2f which determine the bandwidth of the signal.



Peer comment(s):

agree Kim Metzger : Makes sense.
3 hrs
neutral Lancashireman : Your presentational skills are deficient: "A simple look... X almost got it right... Let's look at... A clue to..." Maybe the asker will be overawed, maybe not.
1 day 7 hrs
disagree Johannes Gleim : Sorry for disagreeing after all, but the patent refers to amplitude modulation rather than to frequency modulation, as assumed before.
5 days
Something went wrong...
2 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thank you. Only 2 points because I am not really convinced, especially in light of the other answers, although intuitively it makes sense to me."
18 mins

modulation amplitude

ictionary.reverso.net/german-english/Modulationshub
Modulationshub translation english, German - English dictionary, meaning, see ... characterised in that the modulation amplitude of said modulator unit (4) is ...

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Note added at 19 mins (2017-11-08 02:03:27 GMT)
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Arrangement according to Claim 14, characterised in that the modulation amplitude of said modulator unit (4) is within the control range of the PLL means of said transmitter (1).
Anordnung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Modulationshub der Modulationseinheit (4) im Regelbereich der PLL-Einrichtung des Senders (1) liegt.

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Note added at 34 mins (2017-11-08 02:18:21 GMT)
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or: amplitude modulation ... is more usual:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation
Traducir esta página
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave.
‎Pulse-amplitude modulation · ‎Frequency modulation · ‎Quadrature amplitude · ‎AMSS
What is Amplitude Modulation | AM Tutorial | Radio-Electronics.com
www.radio-electronics.com/...amplitude-modulation/what-is-a...
Traducir esta página
All the essentials of amplitude modulation, AM: definition, what it is, how it works, the equations and how and where it is used. Read here . . . .
Amplitude Modulation AM | Theory & Equations - Radio-Electronics.Com
www.radio-electronics.com/...amplitude-modulation/theory-eq...
Traducir esta página
Notes and details about the theory and equations behind amplitude modulation used for modulating radio signals.
What is AM | Amplitude Modulation | Electronics Notes
https://www.electronics-notes.com/.../modulation/amplitude-m...
Traducir esta página
Read all the key aspects about amplitude modulation, AM: what it is; how it works; advantages; disadvantages; key parameters; spectrum usage; applications .

Peer comment(s):

disagree Johannes Gleim : Amplitudenmodulation ist kein Hub, sondern eine Art der Modulation, im Gegensatz zur Frequenzmodulation. // And the correct term looked for is "Modulationfaktor" rather than "Modulationshub".
5 hrs
neutral Harald 4711 : Der Vorschlag ist eigentlich nicht fasch. Allerdings sind alle Hinweise auf AM Amplitudenmodulation (wie Johannes schon sagte) verfehlt. Also der gesamte Nachtrag bei 34 min.
8 hrs
agree Herbmione Granger : After seeing the patent, I think "amplitude modulation" or "modulation" also fits (not modulation amplitude).
4 days
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6 hrs

frequency deviation [swing, sweep]

Bei Frequenzmodulation entspricht der Modulationshub dem Frequenzhub.

Frequenzhub m frequency deviation [swing, sweep]
(Budig, Fachwörterbuch Elektrotechnik und Elektronik)

Frage: was ist denn unter einem Modulationshub zu verstehen.
Antwort: Bei der Frequenzmodulation bezeichnet man die maximale Differenz zwischen der gesendeten Frequenz und der Trägerfrequenz als Frequenzhub.
http://matheplanet.com/default3.html?call=viewtopic.php?topi...

Die Einrichtung 1 sendet ein FMCW-(Radar-)Signal aus, das mit einer Mittenfrequenz f0 von 21,125 GHz einen Frequenzhub ("Modulationshub") der Sendefrequenz fs von 0,250 GHz besitzt (s. Teile b und c)).
http://www.google.com/patents/DE19646228A1?cl=de

The device 1 sends an FMCW (radar) signal, which has a center frequency f 0 of 21,125 GHz a frequency sweep ("modulation") of the transmitting frequency f s of 0.250 GHz (s. Parts b and c)). From the objects, the emitted radar signal is reflected.
http://www.google.com/patents/DE19646228A1?cl=en


Der Frequenzhub dieser Frequenzmodulation werde mit fA bezeichnet. ... Liegt die Mittenfrequenz fc auf fT, so wird bei hinreichend kleinem Modulationshub fA die Ausgangsspannung proportional zu f²(t) plus einem konstanten Offset.
https://books.google.de/books?id=G6cqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1378&lpg=...

Frequenzmodulation
(Weitergeleitet von Frequenzhub)
:
Eine der Hauptforderungen für das FM-Stereo-System war eine volle Kompatibilität mit Monogeräten, weshalb die naheliegendste Möglichkeit, für jeden Tonkanal einen Sender zu verwenden, ausschied.
Stattdessen wird das Pilotton-Multiplexverfahren (FM MPX) verwendet. Somit besteht das Basisbandsignal aus drei Teilen:
• Das Summensignal aus linkem und rechtem Kanal (L+R) im Basisband.
• Das Differenzsignal aus linkem und rechtem Kanal (L−R) wird nach dem Verfahren der Amplitudenmodulation mit unterdrücktem Träger auf einer Frequenz von 38 kHz, die dem Sender aufmoduliert wird, übertragen.
• Zusätzlich wird noch ein 19-kHz-Signal, der sogenannte Pilotton, aufmoduliert. Er dient den Empfängern zur Erkennung des Stereosignals und zur Demodulation des Differenzsignals und wird später durch einen Kerbfilter entfernt. Manche Geräte bieten diesen Filter zusätzlich ausdrücklich als sog. MPX-Filter zuwählbar an.
Dieses Basisbandsignal als Summe wird direkt mittels Frequenzmodulation im UKW-Band übertragen.
Die Frequenz des Pilottons beträgt genau die Hälfte der Frequenz des unterdrückten Trägers für das Differenzsignal
38 kHz/2 = 19 kHz
Der Pilotton mit 19 kHz wird als Ersatz für den unterdrückten 38 kHz Träger gesendet. Er benötigt nur max. 10 % des gesamten Modulationshubes des UKW-Senders und damit viel weniger, als bei direkter Übertragung des Trägers mit 38 kHz erforderlich wäre. Dies erhöht zwar den Aufwand für die Kodierung und Dekodierung, aber nur so erhält man einen guten Signal-Rauschabstand des NF-Signals (ein auf „Mono“ geschalteter Empfänger erreicht fast die gleiche Signalqualität wie bei einem gleich starken Mono-Sender).
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM-Stereo

Frequency modulation or FM is a form of modulation which conveys information by varying the frequency of a carrier wave; the older amplitude modulation or AM varies the amplitude of the carrier, with its frequency remaining constant. With FM, frequency deviation from the assigned carrier frequency at any instant is directly proportional to the amplitude of the input signal, determining the instantaneous frequency of the transmitted signal.
:
The (L+R) Main channel signal is transmitted as baseband audio limited to the range of 30 Hz to 15 kHz. The (L−R) signal is amplitude modulated onto a 38 kHz double-sideband suppressed-carrier (DSB-SC) signal occupying the baseband range of 23 to 53 kHz.
A 19 kHz pilot tone, at exactly half the 38 kHz sub-carrier frequency and with a precise phase relationship to it, as defined by the formula below, is also generated. This is transmitted at 8–10% of overall modulation level and used by the receiver to regenerate the 38 kHz sub-carrier with the correct phase.
The final multiplex signal from the stereo generator contains the Main Channel (L+R), the pilot tone, and the sub-channel (L−R). This composite signal, along with any other sub-carriers, modulates the FM transmitter.
The instantaneous deviation of the transmitter carrier frequency due to the stereo audio and pilot tone (at 10% modulation) is
[formula]
where A and B are the pre-emphasized left and right audio signals and =19 kHz is the frequency of the pilot tone. Slight variations in the peak deviation may occur in the presence of other subcarriers or because of local regulations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting
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+2
11 hrs

modulation depth

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2001041296A1?cl=de
Die in dem spannungsgesteuerten Oszillator verwendeten frequenzbestimmenden Bauteile (üblicherweise Kapazitätsdioden) unterliegen bestimmten Herstellungstoleranzen, die dazu führen, daß die Kennlinie bzw. deren Steilheit des spannungsgesteuerten Oszillators um bis ±100% schwanken kann...
Sendevorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Kalibriereinrichtung (5) eine Meßeinrichtung (6) zum Messen des der Sendefrequenz-Erzeugungseinrichtung (9) zugeführten Steuersignals (TS) und eine Modulationshub- Ermittlungseinrichtung (8) umfaßt, wobei die Modulationshub-Ermittlungseinrichtung (8) in Abhängigkeit von dem durch die Kalibriereinrichtung (5) gemessenen Steuersignal (TS) anhand mindestens einer vorgegebenen Kennlinie einen Modulationshubwert (MH) für das Modulationssignal ermittelt, und daß eine Modulationssignal-Amplitudeneinstelleinrichtung (3) vorgesehen ist, um die Amplitude des Modulationssignals entsprechend dem ermittelten Modulationshubwert (MH) einzustellen.

http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/rf-technology-design/a...
When the modulation index reaches 1.0, i.e. a modulation depth of 100%, the carrier level falls to zero and rise to twice its non-modulated level.

It seems Modulationshubwert = modulation index and Modulationshub = modulation depth.

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Note added at 18 hrs (2017-11-08 19:59:59 GMT)
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Actually, I think more precisely Modulationshub is something like "scaling of the modulated wave" and Modulationshubwert = modulation depth. They essentially refer to the same thing.

http://www.daqarta.com/dw_aa0d.htm
The AM modulation depth can be set from 0 to 200%. Daqarta uses a special scaling scheme for AM. Conventional amplitude modulation would multiply the main wave (carrier) by the sum of one plus the depth-scaled modulator wave:
sin(carrier) * [1 + Depth * sin(modulator)]
Under that scheme, 0% Depth gives the unmodulated carrier, but 100% Depth gives a modulated wave with peaks twice as large as the unmodulated carrier.

https://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-007-signals-and-systems-...
With the equipment
that we have available to us in this demonstration lecture, we can visually illustrate
time and frequency scaling of the glockenspiel note.

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Note added at 1 day8 hrs (2017-11-09 10:00:40 GMT)
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With a value, I would use "modulation depth" so that there's no ambiguity.

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Note added at 2 days8 hrs (2017-11-10 10:22:24 GMT)
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Strange remarks against this answer. I think that it fits an "amplitudenmoduliertes Hochfrequenzsignal mit hohem Wirkungsgrad" very well. There are plenty of people interested in the modulation depth.

https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/9926/is-there-a-way-...
If you look at the envelope of an AM signal then for 100% modulation the amplitude of the envelope will vary between 0 and 2 * Ac, where Ac is the amplitude of the carrier. It's a linear relationship, so for e.g. 50% modulation the amplitude will vary between 0.5 * Ac and 1.5 * Ac. So as long as you know that you have a full scale modulation signal then you can derive Ac from the max and min envelope amplitude (mean of Amax and Amin) and from there you can calculate the modulation depth (Amax / Ac).

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Note added at 2 days8 hrs (2017-11-10 10:27:17 GMT)
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https://forums.ni.com/t5/RF-Measurement-Devices/Modulation-d...
Here is the formula for Modulation Depth:
modulation depth = (a–b)/(a+b)
where
a is the unmodulated carrier amplitude, and
b is the minimum amplitude deviation.

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Note added at 2 days9 hrs (2017-11-10 10:55:02 GMT)
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Some definitions:
http://www.dictionaryofengineering.com/definition/depth-of-m...
depth of modulation
A measure of the degree of modulation, usually involving the ratio of a peak variation to a steady non-peak value. The result may be multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage.
In frequency modulation, the ratio of the peak variation of the carrier wave frequency, to the frequency of the modulating signal. The result may be multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage.
In amplitude modulation, the peak amplitude variation of the composite wave, to the unmodulated carrier amplitude. The result may be multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage.
In amplitude modulation, the ratio of half the difference between the maximum amplitude and minimum amplitude, to the average amplitude. The result may be multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage.

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Note added at 4 days (2017-11-12 16:33:29 GMT)
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I thought of "modulation depth" before I saw the patent you are translating. Now, I'm very certain that this is the term you are looking for.

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Note added at 4 days (2017-11-12 17:16:25 GMT)
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This is similar to the aim of the patent:
http://power.eecs.berkeley.edu/publications/stauth_pulse-den...
We describe the motivation for using pulse-density
modulation (PDM) to achieve linear amplitude modulation
of a nominally nonlinear switching power amplifier...
Figure 2. Time and frequency domain examples for full- and half amplitude modulation

https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/107128/what-...
The Wikipedia article is very short and doesn't explain the concept very well, and there aren't any other sites that I can find that give a simple explanation. What does it mean by 100% modulation? I understand the basic concepts behind amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and pulse width modulation, but I have never really understood what is meant by the "amount" of modulation or modulation depth.

For a better picture of modulation depth:
http://www.talkingelectronics.com/Download eBooks/Principles...
An important consideration in amplitude modulation is to describe the depth of modulation i.e. the extent to which the amplitude of carrier wave is changed by the signal...
The ratio of change of amplitude of carrier wave to the amplitude of normal carrier wave is called the modulation factor m...
(ii) When signal amplitude is equal to the carrier amplitude as shown in Fig. 16.3 (ii), the amplitude of carrier varies between 2A and zero.
Amplitude change of carrier = 2 A − A = A
∴ Modulation factor, m = Amplitude change of carrier
Amplitude of normal carrier = A/A = 1 or 100 %
In this case, the carrier is said to be 100% modulated.
Peer comment(s):

agree Kim Metzger : The modulation depth is a percentage that represents the amplitude variation. http://rfmw.em.keysight.com/spdhelpfiles/33500/webhelp/US/Co...
27 mins
Thanks, Kim!
agree Johannes Gleim : // We are talking about amplitude modulation, in fact, not about frequency modulation, where "Modulationshub" applies. The correct term is "Modulationsgrad". Sorry for having been misled. https://dict.leo.org/englisch-deutsch/modulationsgrad.
1 day 3 hrs
disagree Marcus Malabad : "scaling of the modulated wave" - now that is just embarrassing. Remember this can be seen by potential clients. The definition you yourself cite above states that mod.depth/index is a "ratio". Ratios have whole or fractional integer values.
2 days 7 hrs
agree Lancashireman : The above disagree may be discounted, if for no other reason than the sheer arrogance that underlies it.
2 days 9 hrs
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7 days

modulation factor

Sucht man nach dem Patent, so findet man Hinweise darauf, dass hier Amplitudenmodulation verwendet wird, und nicht, wie ich aus dem bisherigen Kontext entnommen habe, Frequenzmodulation. Damit wird klar, dass der vom Verfasser verwendete Begriff "Modulationshub" falsch ist, weil er sich auf die Frequenzabweichung bei Frequenzmodulation bezieht.

Area Piezoelectric, dielectric and electrostatic devices and associated materials for frequency control, selection and detection / Piezoelectric and dielectric oscillators
IEV ref 561-03-15
en linearity of frequency modulation deviation
measure of the transfer characteristic of a modulation system as compared to an ideal (straight line) function, usually expressed as an allowable non-linearity in per cent of the specified full range deviation
Note 1 to entry: Modulation linearity can also be expressed in terms of the permissible distortion of base-band signals produced by the modulation device (for example, intermodulation and harmonic distortion products shall not exceed –40 dB relative to the total modulating signal power).
Note 2 to entry: Figure 19 is a plot of the output frequency of a typical modulated oscillator specified to have a modulation characteristic of 133,3 Hz/V over a range of ± 3 V, with an allowed non-linearity of ± 5 %. Curve D is the actual characteristic compared with the ideal (curve A) and the limits (curves B and C).
de Linearität der Frequenzmodulationsabweichung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Wie zu sehen, bezieht sich "deviation" auf die Linearitätsabweichung und hat mit Modulationshub nichts zu tun.

Bei der Frequenzmodulation ist die maximale Abweichung der Trägerfrequenz durch die Modulationsfrequenz proportional der Amplitude des Modulationssignals - nicht der Modulationsfrequenz - und wird als Frequenzhub bezeichnet
http://www.itwissen.info/Frequenzmodulation-frequency-modula...

Die Frequenzmodulation (FM) ist ein Modulationsverfahren, bei dem die Trägerfrequenz (hochfrequentes Signal) durch das zu übertragende Signal (niederfrequentes Signal) verändert wird. Dabei wird an das niederfrequente Audiosignal (NF) eine hochfrequenteSinus-Trägerschwingung angelegt (HF), die nun im Takt des NF-Pegels zu schwingen beginnt. Pegeländerungen (Lautstärkeschwankungen) des NF-Signals erzeugen somit Frequenzänderungen der HFTrägerschwingung (Sendefrequenz), diese Technik wird „Modulationshub“ bezeichnet.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

Daraus ist zu erkennen dass "Modulationshub" sich auf Frequenzmodulation bezieht (die hier nicht vorliegt). Aber was ist der richtige deutsche Ausdruck?

Mit dem Modulationsgrad wird angegeben, wie stark das modulierende Nutzsignal die Amplitude des modulierten (Träger-)Signals beeinflusst.
[Formeln]
Er muss größer als 0 und kleiner gleich 1 sein, um inkohärent demodulieren zu können. Bei Null findet keine Modulation statt, es wird lediglich der unmodulierte Träger übertragen.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitudenmodulation

Und damit haben wir die richtige Übersetzung, die von allen bisherigen Vorschlägen abweicht:

Area Oscillations, signals and related devices / Modulation and demodulation
IEV ref 702-06-19
en modulation factor
1. in linear amplitude modulation, the ratio, generally expressed as a percentage, of the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the modulated signal to the sum of these amplitudes
Note – If the modulating signal is a symmetrical alternating signal, only one modulation factor will exist. If the modulating signal is not a symmetrical alternating signal, a value of the modulation factor may be determined for each spectral component of the modulating signal.
2. in angle modulation, the ratio, generally expressed as a percentage, of the peak frequency deviation or peak phase deviation produced by a specified modulating signal to the maximum deviation specified for the given transmission system
de Modulationsgrad, m
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...
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