Glossary entry (derived from question below)
French term or phrase:
éviction
English translation:
repudiatory breach/ repudiation; 'crowding or freezing out'
French term
éviction
I have checked the glossaries and am not content with what I found as most entries were about the eviction of tenants, squatters etc. I have also read the French definitions of the term and the relevant sections of the French Civil Code, so I don't need these.
Does anyone have a more appropriate way of expressing this as I do not believe there is a direct equivalent in common law countries?
This is from the end of a claim by BBB against AAA for multiple breaches:
CONDAMNER subsidiairement la société AAA à verser à la société BBB la somme, à parfaire et par provision, de xxx euros à titre de dommages et intérêts du fait de son éviction et pour le surplus de fixer à dire d’Expert et dans les mêmes conditions que celles précitées, le complet préjudice de la société BBB
3 | 'crowding-out' ; loss caused by repudiatory breach | Adrian MM. |
3 +1 | exclusion | B D Finch |
4 | deprivation of its rights | Eliza Hall |
éviction **d'un contrat** | Daryo |
Aug 21, 2020 08:28: Adrian MM. changed "Edited KOG entry" from "<a href="/profile/626010">AllegroTrans's</a> old entry - "éviction"" to ""repudiatory breach/repudiation""
Proposed translations
'crowding-out' ; loss caused by repudiatory breach
This query rings loud bells with echoes of the UK case of White & Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor [1962] AC 413 (White & Carter) in which 'the claimant (an advertiser) agreed with the defendant (a garage owner) to renew an existing contract for their services. Later that same day, the defendant tried to pull out of the agreement in what amounted to a *repudiatory breach*.
The claimant, however, refused to accept the breach – thereby affirming the contract and preventing its termination – and performed their obligations as per the contract’s terms. When the defendant did not follow suit, it subsequently sued them for the full price of their services: an action for the agreed sum.
On the facts, the House of Lords accepted that the claimant was allowed to recover the price.'
The scenario also overlaps with the ENG tort of unlawful interference with a third party's contract except that, here, there is no third party and compare anticipatory repudiation in US Am. contract law.
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Note added at 5 hrs (2020-08-19 20:36:30 GMT)
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You are welcome. I'm unsure éviction is being used in a strict legal sense and your idea of contract breach led me on to repudiation. My problem with loss is how it's classifiable: 1. loss of a chance (prospect) in ENG contract 2. loss of bargain when estimating damages in contract- as in the 2nd example sentence or 3. loss of the whole contract. Obiter, IATE also gives patrimonial fund for a fonds patrimonial, so is rather hit-and-miss.
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Note added at 1 jour 6 heures (2020-08-20 21:13:40 GMT) Post-grading
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Strange - my answer has been entered in the glossary. No votes may mean silence is consent, the link with repudiatory breach in Anglo-Am or 'Anglo-Saxon' contract law has not been properly grasped - or there is a axe-to-grind mental block about my answers. Funnily enough, this phenomenon tying up with Safetex's idea of ostracising or spurning, I was going to suggest the non-legal term of 'stonewalling'.
Not primary 1125565 18 Entry domains: FINANCE (24) COM fr risque d'éviction des activités privées en private activity may be crowded out
Repudiatory breach claim upon contractual termination: Window dressing or valid basis for claiming damages for loss of bargain? Published March 2018.
Thanks you. I like "repudiatory breach" and am wondering whether it's close enough to the Fr notion of "éviction". "Crowding-out" seems somewhat informal here |
IATE gives "rupture répudiatoire" for "repudiatory breach" which it seems is an attempt at a near literal translation rather than of concept |
Re your comment on loss: the 'éviction' head of claim is in the alternative and the court is being asked to appoint an expert to assess the damage |
Sorry damages |
Adrian. whoooops... I mistakenly selected an answer other than yours and then entered yours in the glossary. Have asked moderator to modify. Sobeit as Rumpole would say. |
exclusion
Increasingly, national brands have cast people from marginalized groups in advertising. It is important to understand the elements that influence consumers' responses to advertisements featuring groups who have been traditionally excluded from advertising campaigns.
https://hyscore.io/crawler/
In some cases that might be ending in being excluded from advertising campaigns and can result in a monetary loss or can cause a malfunction of a 1st or 3rd party application.
Thank you |
agree |
SafeTex
: "éviction" may be a false friend but it keeps its idea of "chucked out" in French and so "exclusion" is good for me
6 hrs
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Thanks
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neutral |
Daryo
: exclusion might be the right term, BUT your references are the wrong ones for this ST
18 hrs
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Both my references and my suggestion of "exclusion" assumed that this was not a specific contractual or legal term. It now appears that assumption was wrong.
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deprivation of its rights
https://www.dictionnaire-juridique.com/definition/eviction.p...
So if you want to avoid a potentially confusing allusion to leases and real estate (which are pretty much the only contexts where "eviction" is used in EN), try this more general term. You could also say "loss of its rights," but I think "deprivation" keeps the sense of slight violence and also blame/fault that you get from "éviction" -- in other words both words connote that AAA actively did something to deprive BBB of its rights.
"à titre de dommages et intérêts du fait de son éviction" > "as damages and interest arising from the deprivation of its rights"
Thank you |
This very much appears to be on the right lines Eliza and "deprivation of contractual rights" seems a logical fit to the French definition of "éviction" which cannot be translated with one word |
agree |
philgoddard
: Yes, I think this is probably the meaning. But "interêts" doesn't mean interest - "dommages et interêts" is simply damages.
31 mins
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Thanks. Fair point, and that probably is a better translation, though damages awards include any interest on the amount awarded and we normally state the two things separately in US EN.
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disagree |
SafeTex
: AllegroTrans (asker) has reservations about this in the discussion and so do I. Although we are talking of publishing (advertising), there are no rights in the sense of intellectual/copyrights nor basic (human) rights. "Rights" is wrong here!
1 hr
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The rights of which BBB was deprived are its contractual rights: https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/what-are-cont...
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neutral |
Daryo
: it is correct, but ways too wide in scope - it would include all sorts of wrongdoing, NOT ONLY "éviction"
17 hrs
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Reference comments
éviction **d'un contrat**
LE 03/10/14 À 16:20 | MIS À JOUR LE 03/10/14 À 16:26
PARIS (Dow Jones)--La communauté urbaine de Lille a décidé d'écarter Suez Environnement de l'appel d'offres pour le renouvellement d'un contrat de distribution d'eau potable d'un montant de 500 millions d'euros, a déclaré le groupe, qui assure actuellement cette délégation de service public.
Le groupe de services aux collectivités a contesté cette décision en la déclarant dépourvue de tout fondement juridique, sans toutefois en détailler les motifs.
"Lille Métropole met en avant pour justifier cette décision, ce qu'elle qualifie de non conformités au dossier de consultation", a déclaré le groupe dans un communiqué. "Cette appréciation n'a fait l'objet d'aucun échange entre la collectivité et l'entreprise comme le prévoit la Loi Sapin", a ajouté Suez Environnement.
https://investir.lesechos.fr/actions/actualites/suez-environ...
Contentieux de l’éviction irrégulière des marchés publics : rejet des conclusions tendant à l’annulation du contrat dès lors qu’elles sont nouvelles en appel
CAA Nantes 17 février 2015 société Anjou Bâtiment, req. n° 13NT03082
Dans le cadre d’un marché à procédure adaptée, la commune de Chemellier avait attribué le lot « gros œuvre » relatif à l’extension de son école primaire à la société Justeau. Préalablement à la signature du marché, le maire de la commune informait, par un courrier en date du 23 mars 2010, la société Anjou Bâtiment du rejet de son offre.
Candidate évincée du marché, la société a contesté le rejet de son offre par un courrier du 15 avril 2010 et saisi le maire d’une demande indemnitaire préalable le 22 juin 2010.
La commune de Chemellier n’ayant pas répondu, la société Anjou Bâtiment a alors saisi le tribunal administratif de Nantes d’une demande tendant à l’annulation de la décision du 23 mars 2010, ainsi qu’à la condamnation de la commune au versement d’une indemnité de 10 600 euros en réparation du préjudice subi du fait de son éviction.
https://www.adden-leblog.com/contentieux-de-leviction-irregu...
B – La concrétisation d’un droit à indemnisation
L’octroi d’une indemnisation pour compenser le préjudice économique
consécutif à l’éviction d’une procédure de passation d’un contrat administratif est
nécessairement circonstancié, c’est-à-dire adapté au cas d’espèce.
the whole text is about "éviction" from public procurement tenders.
https://iode.univ-rennes1.fr/sites/iode.univ-rennes1.fr/file...
Considérant qu'il ressort du jugement attaqué que le tribunal administratif, ayant considéré que les faits à l'origine du licenciement de Mme A...ne pouvaient être regardés comme établis et qu'en licenciant l'intéressée pour faute grave, la commune de Nogent-sur-Marne a par suite commis une illégalité susceptible d'engager sa responsabilité, a annulé la décision du 23 octobre 2009 prononçant le licenciement de Mme A...et condamné ladite commune à verser à celle-ci une indemnité de 6 732,68 euros en réparation du préjudice causé par son licenciement illégal ; que pour fixer cette indemnité, le tribunal administratif a considéré que l'intéressée, alors même qu'elle était titulaire à la date de son éviction d'un contrat destiné à satisfaire à un besoin occasionnel d'un mois, pouvait légalement prétendre, au regard des dispositions conjuguées des articles 39 et 40 du décret n°88-145 du 15 février 1988 susvisé, à une indemnité correspondant à deux mois de rémunération du fait de la privation de son droit à préavis, soit 2 732,68 euros ; que le tribunal administratif a en outre condamné la commune à verser à Mme A... une indemnité de 4 000 euros en réparation du préjudice moral et professionnel subi par l'intéressée au motif que celle-ci était âgée de près de 62 ans à la date des faits et que, compte tenu du renouvellement continu de ses contrats depuis 1998, elle pouvait espérer voir sa situation professionnelle stabilisée ; qu'enfin le tribunal administratif a rejeté le surplus des conclusions présentées par Mme A...devant lui tendant à la réparation du préjudice né d'un droit à titularisation, au versement d'une indemnité de licenciement et d'une indemnité représentative de congés payés ainsi qu'au prononcé d'injonctions ;
https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriAdmin.do;jsessionid...
Appreciated |
Discussion
So for example if the defendant contracts to paint the house "bubblegum" color and is found to have purchased a truckload of "pink rose," the breach would be anticipatory because the plaintiff need not wait for the house to be painted before concluding it was not the agreed upon color. But the breach might not be repudiatory unless the plaintiff can show that the color difference is consequential.
A repudiation is where one party demonstrates (by its conduct) that it either is no longer able to substantially perform its obligations under the contract, or that it is unwilling to do so. Repudiation is more than just a mere breach.
In technical terms, the test for repudiation is whether a party has shown, through its conduct, that either:
- it no longer intends to be bound by the contract; or
- it intends to fulfil the contract only in a way that is substantially inconsistent with the party’s obligations.
This test is applied objectively. A court will consider how a reasonable party would interpret the repudiating party’s conduct. The repudiating party's actual intentions are not a relevant consideration.
https://www.turtons.com/blog/when-can-you-terminate-a-constr...
In my text AAA has effectively "torn up" its contract with BBB to the extent that it has put BBB out of business. BBB seeks exemplary damages, so assuming that a broadly similar test applies in French law, these conditions are met.
I am slightly disappointed not to see any 'agrees' to Adrian's thoughtful answer...
"Expelled from the contract" is the idea of "l'éviction [de q.q.] d'un contrat"
Not only does "deprivation of rights" instead of "breach of contract" cause possible confusion with copyright etc. but it sounds to me like deprivation of basic human rights.
So I tried to see what Google would bring up for "deprivation of rights" (without the word "human") and came across thousands upon thousands of US hits for "deprivation of rights under color of law" or similar hits for the same concept. This just causes further confusion as this is NOT what our text is about
My first EU hit was on the website: https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/th-concept/-/res...
where "deprivation of rights" is translated as "privation des droits" under " forfeiture of civil rights"
So I'd never use "deprivation of (its) rights" for "breach of contract" which is what we have here
Regards
So we simply have a breach of contract where a company BBB was given "the shoulder" but that is far too informal of course or literally "chucked out" from a billboard as Daryo nicely puts it.
"Exclusion" therefore seems to be on the right track to my mind and I'll probably end up agreeing with this after a while unless someone has something better?
That migh reduce the guessing ... and avoid duplicate research.
Also, where was that advertising meant to happen? Online? in printed press? Outdoor advertising?
this does not sound very likely to be applicable:
éviction
nf
1 action d'évincer
2 (droit) dépossession d'un droit par le fait d'un tiers possédant un droit antérieur
https://dictionary.reverso.net/french-definition/éviction
UNLESS BBB was "chucked out" from the billboard as the slot was already sold previously to someone else.
If it does concern a property however, how about "illegal eviction"?
" son' refers to BBB
Could this definition fit your context?
dépossession d'un droit par le fait d'un tiers possédant un droit antérieur
http://dictionary.reverso.net/french-definition/éviction