English to Russian Science Psychology psychology

Studies in humans have suggested that attention is required for certain forms of associative learning (4). Associative learning paradigms, such as fear conditioning, have been successfully extended from rats to mice (5). Two commonly used variants of this procedure are delay and trace conditioning. In delay fear conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, is immediately followed by an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a foot shock. In trace fear conditioning, a time gap is introduced between the end of the CS and the start of the US.


https://www.pnas.org/content/100/22/13087