Vector- borne, foodborne, airborne, waterborne and other environmental pathogens may be particularly sus-ceptible to the effects of climate change237–240(TABlE 1). For vector- borne diseases, climate change will affect the distribution of vectors and hence the range over which diseases are transmitted, as well as the efficiency with which vectors transmit pathogens. Efficiency depends on the time between a vector feeding on an infected host and the vector becoming infectious itself. At warmer temperatures, this time can be reduced substantially, providing more opportunity for transmission within the vector’s lifespan.
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