Glossary entry (derived from question below)
Spanish term or phrase:
filones plutógenos hidrotermales
English translation:
Hydrothermal Plutonic Veins
Added to glossary by
Hazel Whiteley
Jun 8, 2004 18:40
19 yrs ago
1 viewer *
Spanish term
filones plutógenos hidrotermales
Spanish to English
Science
Mining & Minerals / Gems
En la frase de abajo, las palabras "filones plutógenos hidrotermales" se refieren sólo a los cuarzosos o también a los cuarzofeldespáticos, cuarzo-turmalínicos y cuarzo-fluoríticos? ¿Puede ser que "filones" se refiera a todos pero "plutógenos hidrotermales" hable sólo de los cuarzosos?
"Al final del proceso de su formación, los yacimientos de greisenes se hallan asociados a los filones plutógenos hidrotermales cuarzosos, cuarzofeldespáticos, cuarzo-turmalínicos y cuarzo-fluoríticos de los mismos metales que en los greisenes"
Gracias (de nuevo)
"Al final del proceso de su formación, los yacimientos de greisenes se hallan asociados a los filones plutógenos hidrotermales cuarzosos, cuarzofeldespáticos, cuarzo-turmalínicos y cuarzo-fluoríticos de los mismos metales que en los greisenes"
Gracias (de nuevo)
Proposed translations
(English)
| 4 | Hydrothermal Plutonic Veins |
Andrés Martínez
|
| 3 | conceptos |
Patricia Fierro, M. Sc.
|
Proposed translations
1 hr
Andrés Martínez
Spain
Spain
Native in Spanish
Spain
Biologist -Biol Biotech Med Pharm Vet
Native in: Spanish (Variant: Standard-Spain) 
, Catalan (Variant: Central) 
Works in: English to Spanish, Spanish, Catalan to Spanish, and 2 more.
Related KudoZ points
:
28
Spanish term (edited):
filones plut�genos hidrotermales
Selected
Hydrothermal Plutonic Veins
"Plutogen" én inglés no existe pero sí "plutonic". El significado de "plutógeno" es "de origen plutónico" y creo que las acepciones 1 y 2 se pueden ajustar al contexto (esto lo podrás deducir tú mejor).
Plutónico (Plutonic):
1.Relativo o perteneciente a los plutones y a las rocas magmáticas que los constituyen. 2.Dícese de los procesos que tienen lugar a una gran profundidad por consolidación o alteración de un magma. 3.Relativo o perteneciente a las grandes profundidades de la litosfera, especialmente las rocas que se han consolidado (Rocas plutónicas).
Filón hidrotermal (Hydrothermal Vein): filón relleno de fluidos acuosos calientes provenientes de la circulación de fluidos relacionada con las intrusiones magmáticas.
Las definiciones están extraídas de un diccionario de geología con glosario multilingüe (no te doy la referencia porque está escrito en catalán).
En esta página web http://simplethinking.com/palache/hydrothermalveins.stm
encontré
Minerals of the hydrothermal veins
The mineralogy of the hydrothermal veins is scarcely less complex than that of the pneumatolytic veins. Many of the minerals, however, were obviously formed at lower temperatures than the pneumatolytic minerals and either farther from the pegmatitic intrusions or during later fissuring. The fissures are either wholly filled or are open and crystal-lined, and the veins are of characteristic form with clean-cut walls. They are generally short and small, as a rule but a few inches thick, and many are mere seams less than an inch thick. Thus, although they are fairly numerous, their total bulk is insignificant compared to the great mass of the ore bodies. Their most notable characteristic is their great variety of mineral contents, as may be gathered from the following selected examples of associations found in the collections.
A typical example is the paragenesis garnet, willemite, zincite, leucophoenicite, gageite, chlorophoenicite, pyrochroite, calcite. Another is the combination hodgkinsonite, willemite, hetaerolite, calcite. Rhodonite, friedelite, schallerite, and mcgovernite are each found as the sole filling of numerous fissures. Friedelite is ordinarily followed by barite and calcite. Willemite, especially the light-green or white fibrous variety, low in manganese and highly phosphorescent, is a common vein filling. Zincite is known in crystals only from vugs in calcite veins, and the form called "calcozincite" is really a mixture of granular zincite with fibrous calcite, generally coating slickensides in ore.
The arsenates hedyphane, holdenite, and allactite are found in veins with calcite, whereas chlorophoenicite is found with gageite and acicular willemite. Ganophyllite and heulandite are found in veins with rhodonite or sulphides. The other zeolites of the list are minor vein minerals. Sussexite is typically a vein mineral, its asbestiform fibers filling narrow cracks or coating slickensides in ore. It is closely simulated by veins of fibrous tremolite mixed with calcite.
Another type of vein common at Franklin consists commonly of some carbonate, as a rule strikingly layered parallel to the walls. In some places the filling is calcite with or without fibrous willemite, in other places it is siderite or an intermediate calcium-manganesian-iron carbonate, and in still others it is rhodochrosite or smithsonite. Dolomite constitutes the filling of a few veins with open vugs lined with crystals of dolomite, calcite, albite, quartz, or sphalerite, and more rarely with millerite, marcasite, or the oxides goethite, manganite, and hematite. Pyrochroite and chalcophanite are also found in calcite veins, and aragonite, in radiating needles, coats cracks.
Compact quartz, alone or with massive sphalerite or pyrite, forms thin clean-cut veins and in places shows crystals on free surfaces. On the whole, quartz is rare Franklin. The paragenesis calcite, sphalerite, and calcite, sphalerite, quartz, willemite, crocidolite are common and conspicuous vein formations. In fact, is only in these veins that sphalerite occurs in any noteworthy amount at Franklin, except in the mass at the Trotter mine.
Bementite and the closely related manganese-bearing serpentine are not uncommon as vein fillings, alone or more commonly with carbonate such as rhodochrosite or smithsonite.
It seems highly probable but the carbonate and quartz veins containing sulphides were formed during the much later post-Paleozoic deformation, as suggested in an earlier paragraph.
Por la variedad de minerales que menciona y por los datos que aporta Patricia yo coincidiría en afirmar que todos los filones minerales que menciona la frase son de ese tipo, plutónicos e hidrotermales.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr 21 mins (2004-06-08 20:01:48 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Opps, olvidé darte dos sinónimos de \"plutónico\" que aparecen en el diccionario, y aplicables en algunos contextos: abisal e hipogénico.
Abisal (entre otras acepciones): dícese de las rocas formadas en el interior de la litosfera.
Hipogénico (entre otras acepciones): dícese del yacimiento mineral que se ha formado mediante las soluciones ascendentes, generalmente hidrotermales, procedentes de un magma en enfriamiento.
Leyendo esta acepción, creo que puede hipogénico (hypogene en inglés) puede ser un sinónimo válido de \"plutonic\" en este caso.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr 26 mins (2004-06-08 20:06:54 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Creo que he dado con ello. Mira estas referencias de \"hypogene hydrothermal...\"
Final Proposal -
... caused meteoric waters to circulate through the pluton, effectively leaching metals
from the porphyry and precipitating them in hypogene, hydrothermal veins. ...
www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~tarcuri/finalproposal.html
Porter GeoConsultancy - Ore Deposit Description
... and during the of the first erosive period, the interaction of downward percolating
meteoric waters with the rising hypogene hydrothermal fluids produced an ...
www.portergeo.com.au/database/ mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn523
january 04
... Some opal is precipitated from hypogene hydrothermal solutions and can be associated
with ores of gold and mercury. Localities – (Just list the famous ones). ...
www.agmc.info/january_04.htm
Resource Geology
... Hypogene hydrothermal activities can be divided into four periods from early to
late including: (1) gold-bearing K-feldspar-quartz stockworks and veins; (2 ...
www.kt.rim.or.jp/~srg/backn/vol48/no03/139_158.html
Así pues me permitirás que cambie mi opción original por esta: \"hypogene hydrothermal veins\" (Y perdona la parrafada que has tenido que leer).
Plutónico (Plutonic):
1.Relativo o perteneciente a los plutones y a las rocas magmáticas que los constituyen. 2.Dícese de los procesos que tienen lugar a una gran profundidad por consolidación o alteración de un magma. 3.Relativo o perteneciente a las grandes profundidades de la litosfera, especialmente las rocas que se han consolidado (Rocas plutónicas).
Filón hidrotermal (Hydrothermal Vein): filón relleno de fluidos acuosos calientes provenientes de la circulación de fluidos relacionada con las intrusiones magmáticas.
Las definiciones están extraídas de un diccionario de geología con glosario multilingüe (no te doy la referencia porque está escrito en catalán).
En esta página web http://simplethinking.com/palache/hydrothermalveins.stm
encontré
Minerals of the hydrothermal veins
The mineralogy of the hydrothermal veins is scarcely less complex than that of the pneumatolytic veins. Many of the minerals, however, were obviously formed at lower temperatures than the pneumatolytic minerals and either farther from the pegmatitic intrusions or during later fissuring. The fissures are either wholly filled or are open and crystal-lined, and the veins are of characteristic form with clean-cut walls. They are generally short and small, as a rule but a few inches thick, and many are mere seams less than an inch thick. Thus, although they are fairly numerous, their total bulk is insignificant compared to the great mass of the ore bodies. Their most notable characteristic is their great variety of mineral contents, as may be gathered from the following selected examples of associations found in the collections.
A typical example is the paragenesis garnet, willemite, zincite, leucophoenicite, gageite, chlorophoenicite, pyrochroite, calcite. Another is the combination hodgkinsonite, willemite, hetaerolite, calcite. Rhodonite, friedelite, schallerite, and mcgovernite are each found as the sole filling of numerous fissures. Friedelite is ordinarily followed by barite and calcite. Willemite, especially the light-green or white fibrous variety, low in manganese and highly phosphorescent, is a common vein filling. Zincite is known in crystals only from vugs in calcite veins, and the form called "calcozincite" is really a mixture of granular zincite with fibrous calcite, generally coating slickensides in ore.
The arsenates hedyphane, holdenite, and allactite are found in veins with calcite, whereas chlorophoenicite is found with gageite and acicular willemite. Ganophyllite and heulandite are found in veins with rhodonite or sulphides. The other zeolites of the list are minor vein minerals. Sussexite is typically a vein mineral, its asbestiform fibers filling narrow cracks or coating slickensides in ore. It is closely simulated by veins of fibrous tremolite mixed with calcite.
Another type of vein common at Franklin consists commonly of some carbonate, as a rule strikingly layered parallel to the walls. In some places the filling is calcite with or without fibrous willemite, in other places it is siderite or an intermediate calcium-manganesian-iron carbonate, and in still others it is rhodochrosite or smithsonite. Dolomite constitutes the filling of a few veins with open vugs lined with crystals of dolomite, calcite, albite, quartz, or sphalerite, and more rarely with millerite, marcasite, or the oxides goethite, manganite, and hematite. Pyrochroite and chalcophanite are also found in calcite veins, and aragonite, in radiating needles, coats cracks.
Compact quartz, alone or with massive sphalerite or pyrite, forms thin clean-cut veins and in places shows crystals on free surfaces. On the whole, quartz is rare Franklin. The paragenesis calcite, sphalerite, and calcite, sphalerite, quartz, willemite, crocidolite are common and conspicuous vein formations. In fact, is only in these veins that sphalerite occurs in any noteworthy amount at Franklin, except in the mass at the Trotter mine.
Bementite and the closely related manganese-bearing serpentine are not uncommon as vein fillings, alone or more commonly with carbonate such as rhodochrosite or smithsonite.
It seems highly probable but the carbonate and quartz veins containing sulphides were formed during the much later post-Paleozoic deformation, as suggested in an earlier paragraph.
Por la variedad de minerales que menciona y por los datos que aporta Patricia yo coincidiría en afirmar que todos los filones minerales que menciona la frase son de ese tipo, plutónicos e hidrotermales.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr 21 mins (2004-06-08 20:01:48 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Opps, olvidé darte dos sinónimos de \"plutónico\" que aparecen en el diccionario, y aplicables en algunos contextos: abisal e hipogénico.
Abisal (entre otras acepciones): dícese de las rocas formadas en el interior de la litosfera.
Hipogénico (entre otras acepciones): dícese del yacimiento mineral que se ha formado mediante las soluciones ascendentes, generalmente hidrotermales, procedentes de un magma en enfriamiento.
Leyendo esta acepción, creo que puede hipogénico (hypogene en inglés) puede ser un sinónimo válido de \"plutonic\" en este caso.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr 26 mins (2004-06-08 20:06:54 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Creo que he dado con ello. Mira estas referencias de \"hypogene hydrothermal...\"
Final Proposal -
... caused meteoric waters to circulate through the pluton, effectively leaching metals
from the porphyry and precipitating them in hypogene, hydrothermal veins. ...
www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~tarcuri/finalproposal.html
Porter GeoConsultancy - Ore Deposit Description
... and during the of the first erosive period, the interaction of downward percolating
meteoric waters with the rising hypogene hydrothermal fluids produced an ...
www.portergeo.com.au/database/ mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn523
january 04
... Some opal is precipitated from hypogene hydrothermal solutions and can be associated
with ores of gold and mercury. Localities – (Just list the famous ones). ...
www.agmc.info/january_04.htm
Resource Geology
... Hypogene hydrothermal activities can be divided into four periods from early to
late including: (1) gold-bearing K-feldspar-quartz stockworks and veins; (2 ...
www.kt.rim.or.jp/~srg/backn/vol48/no03/139_158.html
Así pues me permitirás que cambie mi opción original por esta: \"hypogene hydrothermal veins\" (Y perdona la parrafada que has tenido que leer).
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Thanks for the great effort you both made. It was a really difficult choice."
38 mins
Patricia Fierro, M. Sc.
Ecuador
Ecuador
Native in Spanish
&
English
Ecuador
Language and engineering expert
Native in: Spanish , English
Works in: English to Spanish, Portuguese to English, Spanish to English, and 7 more.
Related KudoZ points
:
16
Spanish term (edited):
filones plut�genos hidrotermales
conceptos
Yacimientos hidrotermales
Los yacimientos hidrotermales, comúnmente también conocidos como filonianos (vein deposits), se clasifican según su temperatura de formación (que suele estar entre los 400 y los 100ºC), y en función de la mayor o menor proximidad a la roca ígnea de la que derivan. No es una clasificación rigurosa, ya que no siempre es posible determinar con exactitud la temperatura a la que se han formado, ni la distancia a la roca ígnea de la que derivan, que puede no reconocerse, o puede ser difícil de establecer con precisión entre varias próximas. Una clasificación más conveniente se basaría en su mineralogía, pero ésta puede ser tan variada que invalida cualquier intento de clasificación sistemática en este sentido.
Las mineralizaciones hidrotermales están constituidas fundamentalmente por cuarzo y/o carbonatos diversos, entre los que cabe destacar calcita, dolomita, y siderita, minerales que suelen constituir la ganga o parte no explotable en los yacimientos de interés minero. Entre los minerales de interés minero (o menas) que pueden estar presentes en este tipo de rocas o yacimientos, podemos citar barita, fluorita , y minerales sulfurados, como pirita, calcopirita, blenda, galena, cobres grises (tetraedrita y tennantita), argentita, platas rojas (proustita-pirargirita), cinabrio, y un largo etcétera de minerales, entre los que se encuentran también la plata y el oro nativos.
http://www.uclm.es/users/higueras/yymm/YM12.html#T12Greissen
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 40 mins (2004-06-08 19:21:02 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Otro tipo de yacimiento neumatolítico de interés minero es el denominado greissen. Corresponden estos yacimientos a zonas de alteración relacionadas con granitos, y que por lo general afectan a zonas periféricas o apicales del propio granito. En estas zonas se produce una destrucción del feldespato potásico, con formación de mica blanca microcristalina (illita), y con entrada de abundante sílice que se deposita en la roca en forma coloidal (calcedonia), en lo que de denomina proceso de silicificación. La casiterita y la wolframita suelen ser las principales menas metálicas asociadas a estos yacimientos. A menudo los greissen se asocian a yacimientos típicamente filonianos: casos de Panasqueira (Portugal) y Piaotan (China): figuras.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 45 mins (2004-06-08 19:26:15 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The hydrothermal veins (lodes) carry three main assemblages:
(a) a hypothermal assemblage of cassiterite, wolframite, molybdenite, specularite and scheelite with arsenopyrite, lollingite chalcopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite; their associated gangue minerals are quartz, tourmaline, chlorite and fluorite;
http://www.smenet.org/opaque-ore/ix_t_5.htm
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 49 mins (2004-06-08 19:29:53 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
No he encontrado el término plutógeno, pero con lo que se indica en inglés, la respuesta parece ser que sí, por incluir a are quartz, tourmaline, chlorite and fluorite
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 52 mins (2004-06-08 19:32:31 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Click on the underlined items. To see Pictures
Loose Stones - Massage Wands
Mineral Specimens - Spheres
Gold Rings - Gold Pendants - Gold Earrings - Gold Sets - Gold Bracelets
Silver Rings - Silver Pendants - Silver Earrings - Silver Sets - Silver Bracelets
Beads - Fashion Pins - Tie Tacks - Bola Ties
Chemistry: CaF2
Composition: Calcium Fluoride
Class: Halides
Crystal system: isometric
Crystal habit: commonly as
cubic crystals, hexoctahedrons
and tetrahexahedrons are
characteristic. Also massive.
Fracture: conchoidal
Hardness: 4
Specific gravity: 3.18
Refractive Index: 1.433-1.435
Luster: vitreous
Transparency: transparent to translucent
THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORITE:
Color: The mineral fluorite comes in all colors. Deep purple,(it\'s most famous)amethyst, sky blue, sea green, sunny yellow, and crystal clear. There are rarer colors of pink, reddish orange (rose) and even black. Fluorite is very attractive and in demand. It is easy to see why fluorite earns the reputation as \"The Most Colorful Mineral in the World\".
Most specimens of fluorite have a single color. But allot of fluorite\'s have multiple colors and the colors are arranged in bands or zones. That follow the lines of the crystals. The effect is similar to a phantom Quartz crystal. Where there appears to be a crystal within a crystal. Except in Fluorite they are of different colors. A fluorite crystal could have a clear outer zone allowing a cube of purple fluorite to be seen inside, or a single crystal of fluorite could have several different color zones.
Many types of fluorite even glow under ultraviolet light. They\'re \"fluorescent.\" (Note: the term fluorescence was derived from the mineral name Fluorite) Typically it fluoresces blue but other fluorescent colors include yellow, green, red, white and purple. Some will even demonstrate phosphorescence.
The blue fluorescence has been attributed to the presence of europium ions (Eu +2). Yttrium is the activator for the yellow fluorescence. Green and red fluorescent activation is not exactly pinned down as of yet, but may be due to the elements already mentioned as well as other rare earth metals; also manganese, uranium or a combination of these. Even unbounded fluorine trapped in the structure has been suggested.
Another unique luminescent property of fluorite is its thermol uminescence. Thermo Luminescence is the ability to glow when heated. Not all fluorite\'s do this, in fact it is quite a rare phenomenon. A variety of fluorite known as \"chlorophane\" can demonstrate this property very well and will even thermo luminesce while the specimen is held in a person\'s hand activated by the person\'s own body heat (of course in a dark room, as it is not bright enough to be seen in daylight). The thermo luminesce is green to blue-green and can be produced on the coils of a heater or electric stove top. Once seen, the glow will fade away and can no longer by seen in the same specimen again. It is a one shot deal.
OCCURRENCE AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE:
Occurrence: typically in vein deposits. In hydrothermal veins it can be the only mineral present, although it more commonly occurs as an accessory mineral sometimes with quartz, calcite, dolomite, barite, galena, sphalerite and other lead, silver or uranium minerals. Also as an accessory mineral in some pegmatites and in pneumatolitic veins & griesens with accessories topaz, apatite, zinnwaldite, lepidolite, tourmaline and cassiterite.
http://www.minerals-n-more.com/Fluorite_Info.html
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 58 mins (2004-06-08 19:38:27 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
At later stages, the plutogenic-hydrothermal models are superimposed and a heterogeneous model is developed as a result of the elisional-catagenetic, volcanogenic-sedimentary or metamorphogenic-metasomatic processes. Consequently, the exogenic - endogenic and plutogenic systems can form a large but common convergent series.
Una de las pocas referencias a \"plutogenic\"
http://geo.web.ru/conf/CD_Smirnov/html_99/01_star/
Los yacimientos hidrotermales, comúnmente también conocidos como filonianos (vein deposits), se clasifican según su temperatura de formación (que suele estar entre los 400 y los 100ºC), y en función de la mayor o menor proximidad a la roca ígnea de la que derivan. No es una clasificación rigurosa, ya que no siempre es posible determinar con exactitud la temperatura a la que se han formado, ni la distancia a la roca ígnea de la que derivan, que puede no reconocerse, o puede ser difícil de establecer con precisión entre varias próximas. Una clasificación más conveniente se basaría en su mineralogía, pero ésta puede ser tan variada que invalida cualquier intento de clasificación sistemática en este sentido.
Las mineralizaciones hidrotermales están constituidas fundamentalmente por cuarzo y/o carbonatos diversos, entre los que cabe destacar calcita, dolomita, y siderita, minerales que suelen constituir la ganga o parte no explotable en los yacimientos de interés minero. Entre los minerales de interés minero (o menas) que pueden estar presentes en este tipo de rocas o yacimientos, podemos citar barita, fluorita , y minerales sulfurados, como pirita, calcopirita, blenda, galena, cobres grises (tetraedrita y tennantita), argentita, platas rojas (proustita-pirargirita), cinabrio, y un largo etcétera de minerales, entre los que se encuentran también la plata y el oro nativos.
http://www.uclm.es/users/higueras/yymm/YM12.html#T12Greissen
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 40 mins (2004-06-08 19:21:02 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Otro tipo de yacimiento neumatolítico de interés minero es el denominado greissen. Corresponden estos yacimientos a zonas de alteración relacionadas con granitos, y que por lo general afectan a zonas periféricas o apicales del propio granito. En estas zonas se produce una destrucción del feldespato potásico, con formación de mica blanca microcristalina (illita), y con entrada de abundante sílice que se deposita en la roca en forma coloidal (calcedonia), en lo que de denomina proceso de silicificación. La casiterita y la wolframita suelen ser las principales menas metálicas asociadas a estos yacimientos. A menudo los greissen se asocian a yacimientos típicamente filonianos: casos de Panasqueira (Portugal) y Piaotan (China): figuras.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 45 mins (2004-06-08 19:26:15 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The hydrothermal veins (lodes) carry three main assemblages:
(a) a hypothermal assemblage of cassiterite, wolframite, molybdenite, specularite and scheelite with arsenopyrite, lollingite chalcopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite; their associated gangue minerals are quartz, tourmaline, chlorite and fluorite;
http://www.smenet.org/opaque-ore/ix_t_5.htm
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 49 mins (2004-06-08 19:29:53 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
No he encontrado el término plutógeno, pero con lo que se indica en inglés, la respuesta parece ser que sí, por incluir a are quartz, tourmaline, chlorite and fluorite
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 52 mins (2004-06-08 19:32:31 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Click on the underlined items. To see Pictures
Loose Stones - Massage Wands
Mineral Specimens - Spheres
Gold Rings - Gold Pendants - Gold Earrings - Gold Sets - Gold Bracelets
Silver Rings - Silver Pendants - Silver Earrings - Silver Sets - Silver Bracelets
Beads - Fashion Pins - Tie Tacks - Bola Ties
Chemistry: CaF2
Composition: Calcium Fluoride
Class: Halides
Crystal system: isometric
Crystal habit: commonly as
cubic crystals, hexoctahedrons
and tetrahexahedrons are
characteristic. Also massive.
Fracture: conchoidal
Hardness: 4
Specific gravity: 3.18
Refractive Index: 1.433-1.435
Luster: vitreous
Transparency: transparent to translucent
THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORITE:
Color: The mineral fluorite comes in all colors. Deep purple,(it\'s most famous)amethyst, sky blue, sea green, sunny yellow, and crystal clear. There are rarer colors of pink, reddish orange (rose) and even black. Fluorite is very attractive and in demand. It is easy to see why fluorite earns the reputation as \"The Most Colorful Mineral in the World\".
Most specimens of fluorite have a single color. But allot of fluorite\'s have multiple colors and the colors are arranged in bands or zones. That follow the lines of the crystals. The effect is similar to a phantom Quartz crystal. Where there appears to be a crystal within a crystal. Except in Fluorite they are of different colors. A fluorite crystal could have a clear outer zone allowing a cube of purple fluorite to be seen inside, or a single crystal of fluorite could have several different color zones.
Many types of fluorite even glow under ultraviolet light. They\'re \"fluorescent.\" (Note: the term fluorescence was derived from the mineral name Fluorite) Typically it fluoresces blue but other fluorescent colors include yellow, green, red, white and purple. Some will even demonstrate phosphorescence.
The blue fluorescence has been attributed to the presence of europium ions (Eu +2). Yttrium is the activator for the yellow fluorescence. Green and red fluorescent activation is not exactly pinned down as of yet, but may be due to the elements already mentioned as well as other rare earth metals; also manganese, uranium or a combination of these. Even unbounded fluorine trapped in the structure has been suggested.
Another unique luminescent property of fluorite is its thermol uminescence. Thermo Luminescence is the ability to glow when heated. Not all fluorite\'s do this, in fact it is quite a rare phenomenon. A variety of fluorite known as \"chlorophane\" can demonstrate this property very well and will even thermo luminesce while the specimen is held in a person\'s hand activated by the person\'s own body heat (of course in a dark room, as it is not bright enough to be seen in daylight). The thermo luminesce is green to blue-green and can be produced on the coils of a heater or electric stove top. Once seen, the glow will fade away and can no longer by seen in the same specimen again. It is a one shot deal.
OCCURRENCE AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE:
Occurrence: typically in vein deposits. In hydrothermal veins it can be the only mineral present, although it more commonly occurs as an accessory mineral sometimes with quartz, calcite, dolomite, barite, galena, sphalerite and other lead, silver or uranium minerals. Also as an accessory mineral in some pegmatites and in pneumatolitic veins & griesens with accessories topaz, apatite, zinnwaldite, lepidolite, tourmaline and cassiterite.
http://www.minerals-n-more.com/Fluorite_Info.html
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 58 mins (2004-06-08 19:38:27 GMT)
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At later stages, the plutogenic-hydrothermal models are superimposed and a heterogeneous model is developed as a result of the elisional-catagenetic, volcanogenic-sedimentary or metamorphogenic-metasomatic processes. Consequently, the exogenic - endogenic and plutogenic systems can form a large but common convergent series.
Una de las pocas referencias a \"plutogenic\"
http://geo.web.ru/conf/CD_Smirnov/html_99/01_star/
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