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English to Malay: Guiding Principles Business HR EN-MY Page 8
Source text - English I. The State duty to protect human rights
A. Foundationa l principles
1. States must protect against human rights abuse within their territory
and/or jurisdiction by third parties, including business enterprises. This
requires taking appropriate steps to prevent, investigate, punish and
redress such abuse through effective policies, legislation, regulations
and adjudication.
Commentary
States’ international human rights law obligations require that they respect,
protect and fulfil the human rights of individuals within their territory and/
or jurisdiction. This includes the duty to protect against human rights abuse
by third parties, including business enterprises.
The State duty to protect is a standard of conduct. Therefore, States are not
per se responsible for human rights abuse by private actors. However, States
may breach their international human rights law obligations where such
abuse can be attributed to them, or where they fail to take appropriate steps
to prevent, investigate, punish and redress private actors’ abuse. While
States generally have discretion in deciding upon these steps, they should
consider the full range of permissible preventative and remedial measures,
including policies, legislation, regulations and adjudication. States also
have the duty to protect and promote the rule of law, including by taking
measures to ensure equality before the law, fairness in its application, and
by providing for adequate accountability, legal certainty, and procedural
and legal transparency.
This chapter focuses on preventative measures while chapter III outlines
remedial measures.
2. States should set out clearly the expectation that all business enterprises
domiciled in their territory and/or jurisdiction respect human rights
throughout their operations.
Commentary
At present States are not generally required under international human rights
law to regulate the extraterritorial activities of businesses domiciled in their
Translation - Malay I. KEWAJIPAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MELINDUNGI HAK-HAK ASASI MANUSIA
A. PRINSIP-PRINSIP ASAS
1. Para pemerintah mestilah melindungi wilayah dan/atau jajahan kuasanya daripada
pencabulan hak-hak asasi manusia oleh pihak-pihak ketiga, termasuklah perusahaanperusahaan
perniagaan. Ini memerlukan pemerintah tersebut mengambil langkahlangkah
yang bersesuaian bagi mencegah, menyiasat, menghukum dan menangani
pencabulan tersebut melalui dasar, undang-undang, peraturan dan penghakiman yang
berkesan.
Ulasan
Undang-undang hak asasi manusia antarabangsa mewajibkan pemerintah-pemerintah
negara menghormati, melindungi dan mendukung hak asasi manusia di wilayah dan/atau
jajahan kuasanya. Ini termasuklah kewajipan melindungi daripada pencabulan hak-hak
asasi manusia oleh pihak-pihak ketiga, termasuklah perusahaan-perusahaan perniagaan.
Kewajipan melindungi oleh pemerintah merupakan satu standard kelakuan. Oleh itu,
pemerintah secara sendirinya adalah tidak bertanggungjawab terhadap pencabulan hak
asasi manusia oleh pelaku-pelaku persendirian. Walau bagaimanapun, pemerintah dianggap
mengabaikan kewajipan undang-undang hak asasi manusia antarabangsa mereka sekiranya
pencabulan tersebut boleh dikaitkan dengan mereka, atau gagal mengambil langkahlangkah
yang sesuai bagi mencegah, menyiasat, menghukum dan menangani pencabulan
oleh pelaku-pelaku persendirian. Walaupun pemerintah pada umumnya mempunyai
pertimbangan sendiri dalam memutuskan langkah-langkah tersebut, mereka harus
memikirkan langkah-langkah pencegahan dan pemulihan yang menyeluruh, termasuk dasar,
undang-undang, peraturan dan penghakiman. Pemerintah juga mempunyai kewajipan
melindungi dan memartabatkan kedaulatan undang-undang, termasuk mengambil langkah
untuk memastikan kesaksamaan undang-undang, keadilan dalam pelaksanaannya, dan
dengan memastikan kebertanggungjawaban sepenuhnya, keyakinan terhadap
perundangan, dan ketelusan prosedur dan undang-undang.
Bab ini memfokuskan kepada langkah-langkah pencegahan sementara bab III pula
menggariskan langkah-langkah pemulihan.
2. Para pemerintah haruslah jelas menyatakan harapan mereka agar semua
perusahaan-perusahaan perniagaan berpangkalan di wilayah dan/atau jajahan kuasanya
menghormati hak-hak asasi manusia sepanjang operasi mereka.
Ulasan
Pada masa ini, di bawah undang-undang hak asasi manusia antarabangsa, para pemerintah
tidak dikehendaki mengawal selia aktiviti-aktiviti luar kawasan yang dijalankan oleh
perniagaan yang berpangkalan di wilayah dan/atau jajahan kuasanya.
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Years of experience: 10. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2018.
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Bio
Being a native Malay speaker, I was frequently asked to help with the English-Malay translation work at the British Council in Malaysia where I used to work previously. I have also helped to translate some of training/technical materials and documents from English to Malay for EcoHealth Alliance in Malaysia where I also used to work with. Having a medical background, I am well-versed in scientific in writing. Currently, there are a few articles that are being published in peer-reviewed journals that were edited and proofread by me. Previously, I have worked as a Clerical Marker for the IELTS over the weekend. Currently, I am based in Leeds, UK and pursuing a doctoral degree in Biomechanics at the University of Leeds.
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